Adamantinomas of the long bones are low-grade malignant tumours. They seem to be related to osteofibrous dysplasia with a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation. We report a case of an adamantinoma with a revertant sarcomatoid transformation that showed a complete loss of epithelial differentiation. It corresponded to a 41-year-old male presented with an 8-cm multilobated lesion in the centre of the distal tibia. On the en bloc resection specimen, areas of classic adamantinoma were found but most of the tumor corresponded to a high-grade neoplasm with 2 histologic patterns: one made up by epithelial nests with a basaloid arrangement and positive for pankeratins and so-called glandular keratins, and a second sarcomatoid component, negative for these epithelial markers. Five months after surgery the patient had a massive relapse that consisted solely of the second sarcomatous component also negative for epithelial antibodies.Three cases of adamantinomas with sarcomatoid transformation of the epithelial component have been described but the tumours still preserved an epithelial immunophenotype. However, our case represents the extreme end of the sarcomatoid dedifferentiation of a classic adamantinoma with complete sarcomatoid transformation and total loss of epithelial markers. To our knowledge this has not been described previously.
Interdisciplinary studies of rocky slopes stability have been performed on Northern Portugal, that allowed to establish a design methodology. This approach carries together the use of more traditional techniques, with the application of more recent technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles. This work presents a set of procedures that have been applied successfully in several case studies, describing the different stages, with an emphasis on the production of a ground threedimensional model. This model is generated from photographs obtained with successive drone flights, with overlapping. It is the support for the development of subsequent stages, especially for the characterisation of the trajectories of rockfalls and modelling, the development of susceptibility mapping and of rock slope hazard. In this context, the Natural Slope Quality Index (N-SQI ), an adaptation of the Slope Quality Index (SQI), orientated to natural slopes, is presented. The Block Gravity Number (BGN), created in order to hierarchise rock blocks, selecting them for modelling, is also proposed.
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AbstractDownhole Water Sink (DWS) well completions segregate production in the wellbore by producing water from the water leg in the reservoir and oil from the upper oil bearing portion of the reservoir. A downhole pump drains water from the bottom completion and creates pressuredrawdown that inhibits water coning up to the upper producing zone. The pump injects the water to a disposal zone lower in the wellbore.Successful application of DWS technology in wells with water coning problem requires effective zonal isolation between the top and bottom completions of the well and good knowledge of permeability anisotropy. As these wells are dual completed, they are uniquely configured for vertical interference testing. The problem is that such test involves two fluids, water and oil, and is typically performed in a reservoir rock with no isolating layer between the top and bottom completion.The paper presents a new mathematical model and analysis method for vertical interference testing using top completion (in the oil leg) for production, and bottom completion (in the water leg) for observation. The model is analytical and accommodates partial penetration and permeability anisotropy. The analysis method employs a family of type curves. Also shown in the paper are examples of possible applications of this new testing method. 2 2 2 2 ln z z r z z z z r z z
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