This current surveillance system identified several established high-risk groups for lung cancer and could be used for ongoing surveillance of occupational lung cancer in Ontario.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a growing public health problem, and gaps exist in knowledge with respect to appropriate prevention and treatment strategies. A growing body of research evidence suggests that beyond individual factors (e.g., socio-economic status, psychological processes, substance abuse problems), neighborhood characteristics, such as neighborhood economic disadvantage, high crime rates, high unemployment and social disorder, are associated with increased risk for IPV. However, existing research in this area has focused primarily on risk factors inherent in neighborhoods, and has failed to adequately examine resources within social networks and neighborhoods that may buffer or prevent the occurrence of IPV. This study examines the effects of neighborhood characteristics, such as economic disadvantage and disorder, and individual and neighborhood resources, such as social capital, on IPV among a representative sample of 2412 residents of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Using a population based sample of 2412 randomly selected Toronto adults with comprehensive neighborhood level data on a broad set of characteristics, we conducted multi-level modeling to examine the effects of individual- and neighborhood-level effects on IPV outcomes. We also examined protective factors through a comprehensive operationalization of the concept of social capital, involving neighborhood collective efficacy, community group participation, social network structure and social support. Findings show that residents who were involved in one or more community groups in the last 12 months and had high perceived neighborhood problems were more likely to have experienced physical IPV. Residents who had high perceived social support and low perceived neighborhood problems were less likely to experience non-physical IPV. These relationships did not differ by neighborhood income or gender. Findings suggest interesting contextual effects of social capital on IPV. Consistent with previous research, higher levels of perceived neighborhood problems can reflect disadvantaged environments that are more challenged in promoting health and regulating disorder, and can create stressors in which IPV is more likely to occur. Such analyses will be helpful to further understanding of the complex, multi-level pathways related to IPV and to inform the development of effective programs and policies with which to address and prevent this serious public health issue.

Objective The Synergy project derived quantitative exposureresponse associations for five occupational lung carcinogens (asbestos, chromium-VI, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and respirable crystalline silica) and lung cancer in a pooled analysis of population based case-control studies. Considering a proportion of workers were exposed to more than one of these carcinogens, a joint effect on lung cancer risk is possible. Methods We estimated joint effects by including an interaction term between two occupational carcinogens in the logistic regression models that were developed for the Synergy project. Analyses were conducted with either both exposures dichotomized (ever vs. never exposed), or with one exposure on a continuous scale (cumulative exposure), and the other dichotomized. Analyses were conducted for all lung cancer subtypes combined and stratified by subtype. We applied a Bonferroni correction.Results We observed a negative interaction between occupational exposure to nickel and asbestos. The interaction effect was largest for the subtype of squamous cell carcinoma: ratio of odds ratios: 0.76 (95% CI 0.65-0.88), odds ratio of the joint effect: 1.40 (95% CI 1.26-1.56). No other interaction effects were statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Analyses in which one of the exposures was included on a continuous scale resulted in similar results. Conclusion We observed little evidence for a statistical multiplicative interaction between most of the occupational carcinogens. The negative multiplicative interaction between asbestos and nickel was not explained by a high correlation between these exposures. Ignoring specific study specific matching criteria might have introduced some bias in the results. Large scale occupational disease surveillance has been challenging in many countries, with a few notable exceptions, such as the Nordic countries with their substantial record linkage abilities. We present initial results for lung cancer from a new Canadian Occupational Disease Surveillance System. Oral Presentation Disease SurveillanceThe surveillance cohort was created using data from Ontario, Canada time-loss workers' compensation claims 1983-2016 (96% for injuries) linked to cancer registry records. Follow-up was from first claim date until diagnosis, death, loss-to-follow-up or 2016. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for each industry/occupation using Cox Proportional Hazard models, adjusted for year of birth and stratified on gender.The study population was 7 40 000 women and 1,430,000 men. Significant excess risks were observed in many of the a priori suspected occupations and industries, particularly in construction, mining, and transportation occupations. In addition, other relevant associations were observed among both women and men, such as for janitors and cleaners (men: HR=1.22, 95% CI=1.16-1.29, women: HR=1.22, 95% CI=1.13-1.32) and primary metals industry (men: HR=1.18, 95% CI=1.11-1.25, women: HR=1.20, 95% CI=0.89-1.60). Many sex-specific associations were ...