Estimar un valor monetario para los recursos naturales permite comprender la importancia de su conservación y ayuda a la construcción de una visión que permita un adecuado manejo. Una valoración positiva de los pobladores del área rural para los servicios ambientales facilita la toma de decisiones en lo referente al recurso. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar económica y ambientalmente el recurso suelo de tres parroquias rurales del cantón Riobamba. Para obtener la información se seleccionaron 17 comunidades de las parroquias Cubijies, Licto y Pungalá usando los criterios de uso actual de suelo, superficie y población, se aplicaron 1066 encuestas calculadas a través de la fórmula de Canavos; se seleccionaron 10 servicios ecosistémicos del listado del Millennium Ecosystem Assessment usando “stakeholders”, los cuales fueron evaluados mediante escala Likert donde 0 es “No Importante” y 10 “Muy Importante”, la valoración económica total VET se realizó utilizando 3 tres métodos, i) Disposición a pagar, su vehículo de pago, y en caso de no asignar un valor la definición de los motivos; ii) valor de uso directo basado en el cálculo de los ingresos por la producción y iii) método de precios hedónicos utilizado para calcular el valor económico de los bienes. Dando como resultado que los servicios de provisión y soporte presentan una mayor percepción de importancia, seguidos por los de regulación y culturales; todos los servicios ecosistémicos fueron puntuados con valores equivalentes a “Importante” y “Muy Importante”. En el análisis de valor de uso directo se observa que la parroquia con mayor diversificación de la producción agropecuaria es Licto. En el método DAP la negativa al pago es del 56% resultado que está ligado a los bajos ingresos económicos y la desconfianza en la administración de los recursos, finalmente los pobladores utilizarían como vehículo de pago al GAD Parroquial.
Spin dynamics and thermodynamics in solidstate NMR cross polarization J. Chem. Phys. 84, 4243 (1986); 10.1063/1.450046 Double quantum cross polarization. Heteronuclear excitation and detection of NMR double quantum transitions in solids
<p>The precipitation constitutes one of the main sources of the groundwater resources. The chemical composition of precipitation is influenced both by natural and anthropic sources. For this reason, it is essential to monitor rainfall potentially able to influence groundwater quality. The Po Plain sector (NW Italy) is one of the most urbanized, industrialized and air polluted area in Europe but few studies have been conducted in this area, particularly in the Piedmont Region.</p> <p>The main purpose of this study was: I) to provide a preliminary assessment of quality and isotopic composition of rainwater in the western Po Plain, II) to show the spatial and temporal differences of rain chemical composition between the monitoring points, and III) to define the influence of rain to groundwater chemistry.</p> <p>A long-term trends on the groundwater concentration of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&#8211;</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&#8211;</sup> in the shallow aquifer on 227 monitoring points of the Regional Monitoring network database were conducted (2000-2020 period).</p> <p>In the last decades, in Europe a large effort was carried out to reduce sulphur and nitrogen emission in the atmosphere. This resulted in a sharp decrease in the deposition of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&#8211;</sup> and nitrogen compounds.</p> <p>The rain analysis of long-term trends in near regions, revealed a large proportion of significant decreasing trends in the concentration of both sulphate and nitrogen compounds.</p> <p>Actually also the analysis of groundwater long-term trends revealed a significant decreasing trends in the concentration of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&#8211;</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&#8211;</sup> in the shallow aquifer.</p> <p>A sampling campaigns was carried out during one year (September 2021 &#8211; September 2022) in 4 monitoring points located in the western Po Plain. Rainfall collection occurred every 2 months, for a total of 20 samples. Physical-chemical analyzes of the main ions and isotopic analyzes (&#948;<sup>18</sup>O, &#948;<sup>2</sup>H) were conducted for all samples.</p> <p>The period &#160;September 2021 &#8211; September 2022 was characterized by a rainfall deficit in the winter period in the NW Italy, recording a 62% reduction in rainfall (compared to the climatic average of the thirty year period 1981-2010).</p> <p>The processing of rainfall chemical data has shown different concentrations between the monitoring points and a temporal variability. High NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&#8211;</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&#8211;</sup> concentrations were observed.</p> <p>Rainfalls sampled after the winter dry period (March-April samples) show higher ions concentrations (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&#8211;</sup> 13 mg/L, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2&#8211;</sup> 4 mg/L) respect to other periods. Differences in rainfall samples depend on the location of the monitoring point (urban or rural areas).</p> <p>Isotopic data has shown different spatial and temporal isotopic signals, linked to the location and elevation of the monitoring points. In the &#948;<sup>18</sup>O/&#948;<sup>2</sup>H diagram all isotopic signals are not placed on the Local Meteoric World Line, potentially linked to climate change.</p> <p>The isotopic signals are within the ranges of previous studies (&#948;<sup>18</sup>O: -12,6/-6,2; &#948;<sup>2</sup>H: -82,15/-35,1 &#8240; (min/max)).</p> <p>In conclusion, the rain ions concentrations are influenced by anthropic pollution, they are affected by dry periods and they appears to influence the concentration in groundwater.</p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.