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This work describes the evaluation of three ceramic materials as potential osteogenic substrate for bone tissue engineering. The capacity of adult human mesenchymal stem cells cultured under experimental conditions known to adhere, proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts was studied. Two types of culture medium: growth medium and osteogenic medium were evaluated. The materials were pure α-tricalcium phosphate and also αTCP doped with either 1.5 or 3 wt% of dicalcium silicate. The results showed that the hMSCs cultured adhered, spread, proliferated and produced mineralized extracellular matrix on all the ceramics studied. They showed an osteoblastic phenotype, especially in the αTCP doped with 1.5 wt% C(2)S, indicating osteoblastic differentiation as a result of the increased concentration of silicon in solid solution in TCP. Ceramics evaluated in this work are bioactive, cytocompatible and capable of promoting the differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblast.

Biomaterial pieces, with suitable osteogenic properties for use in the treatment of bone defects and the capability to avoid bone infections, have been synthesized. These materials are composed exclusively of gentamicin sulfate and bioactive SiO(2)-CaO-P(2)O(5) sol-gel glass (previously synthesized). Implant processing was achieved by uniaxial and isostatic pressure of the components mixture. After implanting the pieces into rabbit femur, we studied (i) the antibiotic release, determining the concentration in proximal and distal bone, liver, kidney, and lung as a function of time; and (ii) the bone growth resulting from the glass reactivity in the biologic environment. The results indicate that the implants are good carriers for local gentamicin release in the osseous tissue, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and bone integration. Moreover, these implants are able to promote bone growth during their resorption process.

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