This paper proposes a novel method for controlling the convergence rate of a particle swarm optimization algorithm using fractional calculus (FC) concepts. The optimization is tested for several wellknown functions and the relationship between the fractional order velocity and the convergence of the algorithm is observed. The FC demonstrates a potential for interpreting evolution of the algorithm and to control its convergence.
In this article the spectrum occupancy of a GSM900 and a DCS1800 band as an analog power or binary quantized power is modeled. In the case of analog power it is presented histograms of the power distribution during one working day. In the case of quantized power it presents the two time statistics, the time period of opportunities distribution and the time between opportunities distribution. The measurement setup is standing in line of sight with the base station. Also, the measurement setup in terms of maximum sensitivity is described and analyzed. Spectrum non occupancy, for a working day, in terms of total time for the GSM900 band and for the DCS1800 band is given.
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