In this paper a novel co-simulation is developed, to study the dynamic exchange of reactive power from a distribution grid to the transmission grid. This exchange is performed under a regulatory scheme. In particular, a distribution grid optimizer signals to the transmission grid the available reactive power interval at the distribution/transmission nodes every 15 minutes. A transmission grid optimizer uses this information to compute a reactive power set point, to stabilize the voltage in the transmission grid. The distribution grid optimizer receives this set point and translates it into settings for transformers and renewable generators. This strategy is tested on a running grid simulation, with the tools working in parallel. It is shown that the voltage in the transmission grid can be improved, but at the cost of power losses in the distribution grid and renewable generators
In this publication, the authors present methodology and example results for the analysis of ancillary services of an offshore wind farm cluster and its electrical power system. Thereby the operation tool Wind Cluster Management System (WCMS) is used as simulation tool to evaluate certain planning scenarios. Emphasis is made on two topics: 1) the integration of high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology to the WCMS, 2) the ancillary service analysis. As examples, voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) and the provision of reserve respectively balancing power are discussed in detail. The analyzed study case considers the Kriegers Flak area while the associated power system connects wind farms to Sweden, Denmark and Germany.
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