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In this text it is set as a goal the development of an aggregate index for assessing sustainability in the three agroecosystem groups present in the watershed Paso de Ovejas 1 and it was hypothesized that the systems with presence of stockbreeding would have a greater sustainability due to a complementary use of the resources. For the present study, agricultural sustainability was defined as the process of getting agricultural products that meet the population needs through a set of agricultural practices that conserve and improve the quantity and quality of natural resources, and thus ensure their permanence and enhance the performance of the AES over time.

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Modern researchers working in applied animal science systems have faced issues with modelling huge quantities of data. Modelling approaches that have previously been used to model biological systems are having problems to adapt to increased number of publications and research. So as to develop new approaches that have the potential to deal with these fast-changing complex conditions, it is relevant to review modern modelling approaches that have been used successfully in other fields. Therefore, this paper reviews the potential capacity of new integrated applied animal-science approaches to discriminate parameters, interpret data and understand biological processes. The analysis shows that the principal challenge is handling ill-conditioned complex models, but an integrated approach can obtain meaningful information from complementary data that cannot be obtained from present applied animal-science approaches. Furthermore, it is shown that parameter sloppiness and data complementarity are key concepts during system behaviour restrictions and parameter discrimination. Additionally, model evaluation and implementation of the potential integrated approach are reviewed. Finally, the objective of an integral approach is discussed. Our conclusion is that these approaches have the potential to be used to deepen the understanding of applied animal systems, and that exist enough developed resources and methodologies to deal with the huge quantities of data associated with this science.

Se colectaron 38 muestras de miel de Apis mellifera L. en seis municipios, pertenecientes a las cinco subregiones del estado de Tabasco, se realizó el análisis melisopalinologico obteniendo 37 tipos polínicos de importancia (>10%). Bursera simaruba L. (Burseraceae), Spondiasmombin (Anacardiaceae), Diphysa sp. (Fabaceae), Erythrina sp., (Fabaceae), Mimosa orthocarpa (Fabaceae), Pipersp1, sp2, sp3 (Piperaceae), Machaerium sp., (Fabaceae), Cecropia obtussifolia (Moraceae), Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), Acalypha sp., (Euphorbiaceae), Celtis sp., (Ulmaceae), Heliocarpus appendiculatus (Tiliaceae), Conocarpus sp., (Combretaceae), Haematoxy lumcampechianum (Fabaceae), Mimosa albida (Fabaceae), Zea mays L. (Gramineae), Diphysacarthagenensis (Fabaceae), Quercus sp., (Fagaceae), Citrus sp., (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae), Mimosa sp., (Fabaceae), Mimosa pigra var. Berlandieri (Fabaceae), Eleocharis sp., (Cyperaceae), Rumex sp., (Polygonaceae), Eragrostis sp., (Poaceae), Spondiasradlkoferi (Anacardiaceae), Muntingiacalabura (Elaeocarpaceae), Asteraceae sp1, (Asteraceae), Borreriaverticillata (Rubiaceae), Coccolobaaff. Diversifolia (Polygonaceae), Quercusoleoides (Fagaceae). En general se clasificaron 22 muestras de miel multifloral, 9 monof loral y 7 bif loral. Y al realizar el ACP, se obtuvieron dos componentes que explican 65% de la variación total, mostrando que Cárdenas y Huimanguillo tienen afinidad por Bursera simaruba L. (Burseraceae) y Cecropiaobtussifolia (Moraceae), en cambio Centro, Tacotalpa y Balancán comparten preferencia por Mimosa albida (Fabaceae), Psidiumguajava (Myrtaceae) y Rumex sp. (Polygonaceae) y Centla en cambio mostró una clara diferencia con los 5 municipios restantes.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el consumo voluntario y el comportamiento productivo de ovinos ali- mentados con una dieta de Saccharina con maíz molido (MM), así como la degradación ruminal in situ en bovinos. Se analizó el consumo voluntario del alimento y la ganancia de peso en 24 ovinos Katahdin x Pelibuey en crecimiento, con un peso inicial promedio de 17 ± 3.0 kg, alimentados con cuatro dietas (10, 20, 30 y 40 % de MM). En dos bovinos canulados se evaluó la degradación efectiva (DE) de la materia seca (MS) y de la bra detergente neutro (FDN) a las 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36 h como factor A y cinco niveles de MM (0, 10, 20, 30 y 40 %) como factor B, para lo cual se utilizó una distribución factorial en un diseño completamente al azar. El tratamiento con 10 % de MM presentó los valores más altos de degradación in situ, tanto para la MS como para la FDN, el cual estuvo relacionado con un alto nivel de fracción soluble y una baja fracción no degradable. Las fracciones no degradables, las tasas de degradación, y la degradación efectiva, fueron similares (p ≥ 0.05). La degradación efectiva aumentó a partir del tratamiento con 10 % de MM. Los ovinos alimentados con 40 % de MM tuvieron el mayor consumo (70.7 kg) y la mayor ganancia de peso (0.124 kg). La aportación de maíz molido a la dieta, mejoró la degradación in situ en bovinos, el consumo y las ganancias de peso de ovinos.

Se evaluó el efecto del nivel de urea sobre la degradación del pasto Elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) en el suplemento fermentado,Sacchapulido(SP). Se determinó el pH, N-NH3, la degradación in situ(DI) y efectiva (DE), así como, los parámetros cinéticos de materia seca (MS), FDN y FDA del forraje. Se utilizaron cinco bovinos fistulados en rumen en un diseño cuadro Latino 5 x 5. La desviación estándar indicó que los suplementos tienen entre 0.5 y 1.0% de urea, aportaron un 10% más de biomasa por el aumento de tamaño de la fracción potencialmente degradable (PD) del alimento, tanto en la FDN, como en el contenido celular. Debido al costo de la urea, se recomienda el uso del SP con 0.5% de urea.

hintonii and L. montanus was determined using the nylon bag technique with two fistulated steers in five incubation times (3, 9, 12, 24 and 48 h), including a sample of soybean paste (SP). The data obtained were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS for repeated measures. The results showed interactions between species and incubation time for DMD and CPD. Among species of lupine, a high DMD and CPD of seeds were observed after three hours of incubation. At 48 h, DMD and CPD did not show significant variation between species: DMD ranged from 94.3% to 96.7% and CPD from 98.9 to 99.2%. The degradation rate of the insoluble fraction of the DM (kd) in lupine seeds ranged from 6.3 to 8.1% h -1 , while that of the soluble fraction (SF) ranged from 42.3 to 57.3%, lower value that observed in SP. The DMD and CPD of aerial biomass showed statistically significant differences between species at 48 h of incubation. L. hintonii showed the lowest DMD (69.6%) and CPD (88.9%). L. montanus and L. campestris showed a lower SF and kd (kd of 5.4% h -1 in both, and 35.4 and 37.2 for SF, respectively) and high CPD of aerial biomass. It is concluded that the DM and CP of seeds and biomass of wild lupine were highly degradable as of 3 h of incubation. At 48 h, there were statistically significant differences between DMD and CPD of aboveground biomass (AGB). L. campestris and L. exaltatus showed the highest DMD and CPD of AGB and similar DMD and CPD of seeds.