Benih padi yang baru dipanen umumnya tidak berkecambah walaupun dikecambahkan pada kondisi optimum yang disebut after-ripening, dan secara alamiah akan hilang setelah waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan karakterisasi agro-morfologi dan menetapkan periode after-ripening benih 5 lanras potensial di Timor-Leste. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2018-November 2019. Penanaman dan pengamatan karakter agro-morfologi 5 lanras potensial Timor-Leste, yaitu Hare R-oitu, Fos Mean, Hare Belit, Hare Nona Portu, dan Ale Mamea Ula Lesa, dilaksanakan di Desa Caibada Distrik Baucau, Timor-Leste. Pengamatan periode after ripening dan mutu benih ke lima lanras tersebut dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian dan Penyimpanan Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB University, dan dirancang dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dua faktor dengan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah 5 lanras tersebut di atas dan faktor kedua adalah periode simpan yang terdiri atas 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8 minggu setelah panen (MSP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 5 lanras potensial di Tinmor-Leste mempunyai keragaan tanaman yang pendek (76.3-105.50 cm), tergolong berumur sedang (129-141 HSS), dan jumlah anakan produktif tinggi (17.5-53.50 anakan), kecuali Ale Mamea Ula Lesa. Lima lanras tersebut mempunyai potensi produktivitas yang tinggi berkisar 8.1-9.8 ton ha-1. Periode after-ripening lanras Hare Belit dan Hare Nona Portu berakhir pada 2 MSP, Hare R-oitu pada 6 MSP, sedangkan Ale Mamea Ula Lesa dan Fos Mean pada 8 MSP. Semakin lama benih disimpan rasio kandungan ABA/GA3 semakin menurun dari 0.53-1.22 ppm pada 2 MSP menjadi 0.45-0.93 ppm pada 4 MSP. Lanras Hare Belit dan Hare Nona Portu merupakan lanras yang potensial dikembangkan menjadi varietas nasional di Timor-Leste, masing-masing untuk pengembangan di dataran rendah dan dataran sedang. Kata kunci: karakterisasi, intensitas dormansi, persentase perkecambahan, mutu benih
Abstract. Branco LM, Palupi ER, Ilyas S, Purwoko BS, Purwito A. 2023. Evaluation of agro-morphological and molecular characters of 22 rice landraces of East Timor. Biodiversitas 24: 2536-2546. Landraces play an important role in the local food security and sustainable development of agriculture as a source of genes that control important traits adaptive to environmental conditions. The study aimed to characterize the agro-morphological and molecular characteristics of 22 rice landraces of East Timor (Timor Leste). The research was conducted in April-August 2018 in Caibada-Baucau-East Timor. Soil analysis was conducted at the Soil Laboratory of the Agronomy and Horticulture Department, IPB University. Materials used were 22 rice landraces seeds and one check variety. The seeds were germinated in seedbed seedlings with a basin (30 cm x 25 cm). The seedlings were planted in the field 16 days after sowing in a plot of 1.5 m x 7.0 m and a spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm, with an isolation distance between plots of ±3 m. Data collection was based on nine growth phases of rice. The cluster analysis based on agro-morphological characters resulted in 6 groups with a similarity coefficient of 0.17 or 17%, showing a high level of diversity. The lowest yield was Ale Kukefuhu (290 g/m2), and the highest was Hare Nona Portu (979 g/m2). Using 10 RAPD markers, the 22 rice landraces samples produced 77 DNA fragment bands with sizes between 300 bp-1475 bp, averaging 3.35 alleles per landrace; polymorphic rates of 8.1. OPA8, OPH1, and OPH7 markers were the highest (100.00%), and OPF5 was the lowest (66.67%) polymorphic percentage. Based on the molecular marker, the coefficient of similarity of the landraces ranged from 0.12 to 0.51, and they were grouped into five clusters.
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