1 24-hour movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills in pre-school 1 2 children: a compositional and isotemporal substitution analysis 2 3 3 4

Background: The importance of movement behaviors for health is well known, although few studies have examined the adherence to movement guidelines in low-income preschoolers from a middle-income country, as Brazil. This study reports the proportion of preschoolers meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines and investigates its associations with demographic correlates in Brazilian low-income preschoolers.Methods: Two hundred and seventy preschoolers (132 boys, means age = 3.97 ± 0.80) provided physical activity (PA) data (Actigraph wGT3X).Sleep duration, screen time, and social correlates were parent-reported. Preschoolers were classified as compliant/not compliant with the 24-hour movement guidelines. Relationships between compliance with movement behaviors guidelines and demographic correlates were calculated using a network analysis (Mplus 8.0; Rstudio).Results: Preschoolers were active (273.52 ± 62.08 minutes/day of total PA), though moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was below the guideline (58.68 ± 22.51 minutes/day); spent more than the recommended 60 minutes/day on screen time (169.91 ± 97.07 minutes/day); and slept less than 10 hours per night (9.44 ± 1.12 hours/day). Only 3% of the sample complied with the guidelines. PA showed the highest compliance (43%), compared to sleep duration (35%) and screen time (15%). Male sex was related to adherence to MVPA recommendations, while female sex, with adherence to total PA

Physical fitness refers to the ability to engage in daily physical activity (PA), without excessive fatigue, to respond to environmental demands, and to maintain and improve health. 1 Although previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies 2,3 have reported that individual PA behaviors, for example, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), are positively associated with physical fitness in preschoolers, the composition of a 24-hour day comprises various co-dependent movement behaviors, such as, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep, that must be appropriately considered. Indeed, physical

The aims of this study were: 1) to compare anthropometric and fitness variables of high-level beach handball players across Under-19 (U-19), Under-21 (U-21) and senior male categories, and between male and female senior players and; 2) to test the correlations among those measures. A total of 70 high-level players (53 male of different ages) were evaluated for 5-m acceleration, 15-m sprint, horizontal jump, handgrip, specific beach handball throwing velocities, and anthropometric variables.Differences between age groups were tested using ANOVA. Independent T-Student test was used to compare fitness variables between male and female elite athletes, and Pearson partial correlation coefficients were calculated between each of the fitness variables using BMI and age as covariates.SPSS Software was used, and the level of significance was set at 95%. The U-21 athletes better performed on horizontal jump and 6-m throw than the U-19 athletes. Senior athletes showed better performance on horizontal jump than U-19 athletes (p≤.05). Positive correlation was seen for handgrip on dominant and non-dominant hands and 6-m throwing speed, and for handgrip on dominant hand and inflight velocity (p≤.05). Negative correlations were observed between horizontal jump and 5-m acceleration, and 15-m sprint (p≤.01 and p≤.05, respectively). Male athletes better performed than women in all the fitness tests. The study, for the first time, showed physical fitness comparisons between beach handball elite male athletes of different ages and between genders. These are key steps for coaches and athletes and may support future beach handball studies and practice.

The evaluation methods and procedures were approved by local Ethics Board