This study focuses on the adhesion analysis of glued joints between Norway Spruce and Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) regarding timber reinforcement. An experimental programme was carried out on two different test series to evaluate the behaviour of timber‐CFRP bonded joints. ‘Pull‐Off’ tests were achieved to evaluate the strength of the adhesion connection between materials. Two strengthening techniques [externally bonded reinforcement (EBR), near‐surface mounted (NSM)] and several composite systems (laminate, sheets and textile) were analysed. Through ‘Four Point Bending’ tests, the adhesion behaviour of timber‐CFRP joints along the fibres direction was evaluated. Three trials were performed on models strengthened with different criteria (one EBR and two NSM series), each with three different bonding lengths. The maximum anchor strength of the composite, the effective bonding length between the materials, the medium shear strength developed along the interface and the maximum composite strain for the EBR and NSM reinforcements were obtained. The experimental results were compared with equivalent values from concrete‐CFRP joints found in literature. Furthermore, the theoretical model proposed in Fib Bulletin 14 was calibrated to predict the maximum anchor strength of the composite according to its bonding length. Finally, some recommendations are proposed for the design of timber structures reinforced with CFRP systems.
The aim of this investigation work is threefold: 1) To analyse and quantify freeze-thaw resistance of glass fibre reinforced epoxy polymer mortars, comparatively to both normal cement mortars and plain epoxy polymer mortars; 2) To determine glass fibre reinforcement effect on freeze-thaw behaviour; and 3) To evaluate the reliability of ASTM C666M-03 test methodology for the assessment of freeze-thaw resistance of polymer concrete materials. For this purpose several test specimens, normal cement mortars, plain and glass-fibre reinforced epoxy polymer mortars were submitted to freeze-thaw cycling between 36 up to 300 cycles, according to the above norm. Dynamic elasticity modulus, with basis on fundamental resonance frequency measurements, was calculated every 36 cycles, and the correspondent relative dynamic elasticity modulus was determined for each cycling period. In order to assess the reliability of this non-destructive test methodology, three specimens of each formulation were withdrawn at regular periods and tested in bending and compression. Relative mechanical strengths, as function of conditioning period, were compared with corresponding relative dynamic modulus of elasticity.
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