RESUMO -(Florística de lianas em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, Parque Estadual de Vassununga, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, Brasil). Embora o conhecimento sobre a florística dos fragmentos de florestas estacionais semideciduais tenha crescido nos últimos anos, ainda sabe-se pouco sobre a comunidade de lianas (lenhosas ou herbáceas) nesses fragmentos. Assim, foi realizado o levantamento florístico de lianas na gleba Maravilha, pertencente ao Parque Estadual de Vassununga (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP), a fim de colaborar com o conhecimento dessa comunidade e subsidiar futuros trabalhos que envolvam essa forma de vida. A área de estudo compreende 127,08 ha, com inverno seco e temperatura média anual de 22 °C. Para a coleta do material, percorreu-se mensalmente toda a borda do fragmento e três trilhas no interior da mata, de agosto/2002 a setembro/2003. Foram identificadas 120 espécies de lianas, pertencentes a 30 famílias e 71 gêneros, das quais 51% das espécies são volúveis, 42% apresentam gavinhas e apenas 7% são escandentes. As famílias mais representativas em número de espécies foram: Bignoniaceae (26), Malpighiaceae (14), Sapindaceae (12) e Asteraceae (9). Houve baixa similaridade florística entre as espécies de lianas presentes na gleba Maravilha em relação a outras áreas de florestas estacionais semideciduais do interior paulista. One hundred and twenty species of lianas, belonging to 30 families and 71 genera were identified where 51% of them were twiners, 42% tendrilous and 7% scandents. The most representative families in number of species were: Bignoniaceae (26), Malpighiaceae (14), Sapindaceae (12) and Asteraceae (9). Fragment Maravilha given low similarity with other fragments of semidecidual forest in São Paulo State. Palavras
Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time‐consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower–invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and “gray literature,” such as theses and dissertations, as well as self‐reports by co‐authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second‐ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest (~8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower–invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower–invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard‐to‐access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.
Linear infrastructure works are significant inductors of loss and fragmentation of natural habitats. Therefore, these developments can be a major threat to the maintenance of biodiversity. This study aimed at evaluating the impact on vegetation cover stemming from the implementation of the East axis of the PISF (Sao Francisco River Integration Project). The study area range is 12 Km from each side of the canal, totaling 514,020 ha around the East axis. Landsat series Satellite images from 2007, 2015 and 2018 were used. Landscape metrics were used to characterize landscape structure. Two maps were generated representing the two time periods studied (2007 to 2015 and 2015 to 2018). Three areas were recognized in each map: (i) areas with authorization for vegetal suppression (AVS), (ii) areas directly affected and (iii) areas not directly affected, considered the local average for changes on vegetal cover. The Kappa coefficient shows high accuracy of classifications. The allocation disagreement was larger than quantity disagreement, indicating robustness of landscape composition data. Results show that, despite fragmentation, the impact related to habitat loss and structural connectivity was low in the areas studied. Although the development has promoted an increase in edge density and patch density, deforestation, as expected, was larger in areas with AVS.Palavras-Chave -Caatinga, fragmentação, perda de hábitat, dinâmica de paisagens.
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