Resumo: A teoria das representações sociais é o principal objetivo deste artigo de revisão bibliográfica, cujo estudo se inicia com a discussão dos paradigmas científicos predominantes e de como a teoria se encontra em uma posição de rompimento com esses paradigmas. Desenvolvida sob a necessidade de se construir uma Psicologia social que superasse a dicotomia indivíduo e sociedade, a teoria abarca uma série de objetos que dizem respeito à comunicação e à elaboração de comportamentos entre indivíduos e grupos. O texto também traz críticas à teoria, particularmente no tocante à sua relação com o conceito de ideologia, proposta por diversos autores. De todo modo, a fecundidade de seus conceitos e o amplo uso a que pode ser submetida tornam a teoria das representações sociais importante construto, não somente para a Psicologia como também para as disciplinas das áreas de humanidades. Palavras-chave: Representação social. Paradigma. Psicologia. Psicologia social. Abstract:The social representations theory is the main objective of this bibliographical review paper, that initiates by the discussion of the prevailing scientific paradigms and also how the theory in question remains in a position of rupture with these paradigms. Developed under the need of building a social psychology that outperformed the individual and society dichotomy, the theory includes an amount of objects concerning the communication and the elaboration of behavior among individuals and groups. The text also criticizes the theory, particularly concerning to its relationship with the concept of ideology, proposed by several authors. Anyhow, the fecundity of its concepts and the wide use that it can be submitted to make the social representations theory an important construct not only for psychology, but also for the disciplines of the humanity area. Keywords: Social representation. Paradigm. Psychology. Social psychology.Resumen: La teoría de las Representaciones Sociales es el objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura, cuyo estudio comienza con un análisis de los paradigmas científicos y cómo la teoría que prevalece en cuestión se encuentra en condiciones de romper con ellos. Desarrollado bajo la necesidad de construir una psicología social que supere la dicotomía entre individuo y sociedad, la teoría abarca una serie de objetos con respecto a la comunicación y el comportamiento de los individuos y grupos. El texto tras también la teoría crítica, especialmente con respecto a su relación con el concepto de ideología, propuesta por diversos autores. De todos modos, la fertilidad de sus conceptos y el uso generalizado que se pueden presentar convertido en la teoría de las representaciones sociales construyen no sólo es importante para la psicología como para las disciplinas de las humanidades. Palabras clave: Representación sociale. Paradigma. Psicología. Psicología social.
Background The year 2020 was marked by the new coronavirus pandemic, resulting in millions of cases and deaths, placing healthcare workers at high risk of infection. Aims The aim of this study was to describe the role of an occupational health service during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in an oncologic hospital and characterize the most likely sources of viral infection. Methods The information of all healthcare workers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from 11 March to 15 December 2020 was collected through an epidemiological survey conducted during contact tracing. The data extracted included gender, age, comorbidities, occupational group, source of infection, clinical presentation, duration of the disease, need for hospitalization and persistent or late symptoms after disease or upon returning to work. Results Out of a total of 2300 workers, 157 were infected, consisting of nurses (36%), nurse assistants (33%) and diagnostic and therapeutic professionals (10%). Physicians and administrative staff accounted for 8% each. The most frequently reported source of infection was occupational (43%), owing to worker-to-worker transmission (45%) and patient-to-worker transmission (36%). The most frequent moments of infection perceived corresponded to the removal of protective equipment during meals and moments of rest in the staff and changing rooms. Conclusions The study revealed that occupational transmission from patients and colleagues might be an important source of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers. Spread between colleagues accounted for 45% of the occupational source infections reported. Implementing physical distancing measures and limiting the number of people in changing and rest rooms could significantly reduce infection and related absenteeism.
Introduction: On the 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic. Preventive measures such as the appropriate use of personal protective equipment and proper hand hygiene are essential in decreasing transmissibility. Healthcare workers have been required to wear personal protective equipment and to wash their hands even more frequently. These preventive measures are associated with an increased risk of skin conditions, namely, contact dermatitis and exacerbation of pre-existing skin lesions such as acne and seborrheic dermatitis. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main skin lesions, and highlighting the role in occupational dermatology and preventive measures.Methods: A search was conducted on PubMed and some guidelines from organizations like World Health Organization and Portuguese General Directorate of Health were included.Results: Most skin conditions seen in healthcare professionals throughout the pandemic were associated with hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment and comprised hand eczema, mask-induced contact dermatitis, personal protective equipment related irritant contact dermatitis, cheilitis and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions such as acne and seborrheic dermatitis. Prevention and early recognition of dermatitis associated with personal protective equipment and hand hygiene are essential to maximize work performance, healthcare workers’ safety and the adherence to preventive measures.Conclusion: Protection of healthcare workers’ health and safety is an essential measure in the fight against the pandemic. Occupational Health has a fundamental role, acting in terms of disease prevention and health promotion, for example, through educational sessions and orientation of skin conditions associated with work, thus maximizing workers’ well-being.
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