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A plethora of approaches exists for the evaluation and selection of open-source software (OSS) in the literature. However, these approaches are hardly ever used in practice for the following reasons: first, the lack of a situational-based procedure to define the evaluation criteria for OSS given its varied and dynamic nature; second, the inability of existing evaluation techniques, such as the analytic hierarchy process, to cope well with uncertainty factors, thus producing misleading results that affect the quality of decisions made; and third, a significant number of existing approaches require the prototyping of alternatives being considered in order to facilitate evaluation and decision-making. This study addresses the aforementioned challenges by evolving a process framework for evaluating and selecting OSS. The proposed framework is validated by applying it to a case study. In addition, expert opinion was elicited via questionnaires from 10 experts, and overall feedback suggests that 80% of them are willing to adopt the approach. KEYWORDS analytic hierarchy process, evidential reasoning, MCDM, open-source software, process framework, weighted scoring model 780The MCDM problem can be referred to as the process of choosing software among available alternatives based on a number of conflicting attributes. 8 MCDM is aimed at 9 (1) helping decision makers choose the best alternative, (2) sorting out the alternatives that seem good among the set of available alternatives, and (3) ranking the alternatives in decreasing order of their performance. A large number of well-known MCDM methods exist, such as the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), data envelopment analysis, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the analytic network process, VIKOR, decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory, the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations, and the Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality method, to mention a few. 10 The AHP is the most popular in terms of its application in software evaluation and selection. 7,11,12 However, the AHP has some known limitations, which can easily be surmounted by using the evidential reasoning (ER) approach in place of the AHP. 13 The ER approach is different from most conventional MCDM methods in that it employs a belief structure to represent an assessment as a distribution. For instance, the distributed assessment of a given software's quality may be {(Excellent, 70%), (Good, 30%), (Average, 0%), (Poor, 0%), (Worst, 0%)}, which means that the quality of the software is assessed to be Excellent with 70% of belief degree and Good with 30% of belief degree. Some of the advantages of using ER over the AHP 13 include the following:i. ability to handle very large multi-attribute decision-making problems compared to the AHP; ii. ability to assess newly added alternatives independently, whereas the AHP would have to repeat an assessment procedure to incorporate new alternatives; iii. ability to produce consistent ranking after n...

The challenge of Nigeria's food insecurity in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, insecurity, climate change, population growth, food wastage, etc., is a demanding task. This study addresses Nigeria's food insecurity challenges by adopting agriculture 4.0 and commercial farming. Using data from six digital libraries, the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics, and other internet sources, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR using PRISMA) on Nigeria's agriculture, food security, and agriculture 4.0. Our results show Nigeria's current agricultural state, threats to food security, and modern digital agriculture technologies. We adapted our SLR findings to develop an implementation framework for agriculture 4.0 in solving Nigeria's food insecurity challenge in the post-Covid-19 era. Our proposed framework integrates precision agriculture in Nigeria's food production and the necessary enabling digital technologies in the agri-food supply chain. We analyzed the critical implementation considerations during each agri-food supply chain stage of farming inputs, farming scale, farming approach, farming operation, food processing, food preservation/storage, distribution/logistics, and the final consumers. This study will help researchers, investors, and the government address food security in Nigeria. The implementation of agriculture 4.0 will substantially contribute to SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) of #Envision 2030 of the United Nations, for the benefit of Nigeria, Africa, and the entire world.INDEX TERMS Agriculture 4.0, agri-food 4.0, food security, Sustainability, SDG goal 2, implementation framework, supply chain.

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