Patellar dislocation is a major orthopaedic concern in pediatric and adult populations, with both conservative and surgical options available. Several surgical techniques of the combined or isolated reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament are described in the literature using different grafts, locations, and types of fixations, providing different advantages and disadvantages. New recent developments in cadaveric dissection studies have unveiled the importance of structures that were neglected until recently, such as the medial quadriceps tendon–femoral ligament, which provides a connection between the medial femur and the quadriceps tendon component of the knee extensor mechanism. Hence, we present a surgical technique with combined reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament and medial quadriceps tendon–femoral ligament without the use of hardware and with no need for patellar or femoral drilling (no physis compromise or risk of patellar fracture), which can be used concomitantly with other bony procedures.
A instabilidade objetiva da rótula é uma das patologias mais frequentes do joelho. O tratamento depende da avaliação completa e minuciosa das características intrínsecas e funcionalidade do joelho. O tratamento conservador tem uma taxa de reincidência não menosprezável. O tratamento cirúrgico pode consistir maioritariamente na reconstrução do ligamento patelofemoral medial associado à correção de outros fatores de risco e/ou reconstrução de outras estruturas ligamentares insuficientes. Um conhecimento atualizado dos fatores a ter em conta, assim como das opções terapêuticas disponíveis, poderão levar ao acompanhamento e seleção da opção mais adequada para cada caso.
INTRODUCTIONCorrect tunnel positioning in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery is one of the keystones for success and is still an important question among orthopedic surgeons. However, the correct location of the femoral and tibial tunnels is still controversial and target of disagreement within the scientific literature. The known problems include femoral notch impingement and graft versus posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) impingement. Fortunately, tibial tunnel placement error has less negative impact in graft function than the femoral tunnel and probably, by this reason, the impact in the literature regarding this subject is less common.1 To achieve optimal surgical performance the surgeon requires practice and continuous execution of the surgical procedure.2 Therefore, it was decided to study the tibial tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction surgeries of a single surgeon in his first 32 cases during a 6 years period in order to identify a correlation between the number of cases performed by year and the correct placement of the tunnel, as well as, the evolution along the years on the positioning. METHODSIt was retrospectively analyzed the radiographs of 32 patients submitted to ACL reconstruction surgery by a single senior surgeon (LC) between 2009 and 2015 (these were the first cases performed by the surgeon with ABSTRACT Background: Accurate tunnel positioning in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery is one of the cornerstones for its success. However, it is still controversial and target of disagreement within the orthopedic literature. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate the tibial tunnel placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgeries of a single orthopedic surgeon. Methods:The postoperative knee sagittal radiographs of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees from a single surgeon were retrospectively collected. To assess the tunnel positions was used predefined criteria (in percentage and in millimeters) within the intervals found in the literature (41-43 percent and 21-23 millimeters). Results: There were no significant differences between the number of results (% and mm), within and without the intervals that were considered acceptable for this measure (P >0.05). It was found significant differences in the absolute deviation (%) throughout non-consecutive years (P <0.05). There was no correlation between the absolute deviations and the years of experience (r =-0.080, P =0.663). Conclusions: Significant differences were found in the absolute deviation (%) throughout non-consecutive years, suggesting variations in the tunnel position throughout the years.
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