Na maioria dos casos de parasitismo em aves cativas não há expressão de sinais clínicos. Esse fato aponta a importância da realização de exames parasitológicos frequentes nesses animais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar exames coproparasitológicos para monitorar as infecções parasitárias nas aves cativas no Parque Municipal Danilo Galafassi (Zoológico Municipal de Cascavel-PR), projeto aprovado pela Comissão de Ética e Bem-estar Animal (CEBEA) do Campus Palotina-UFPR, protocolo nº 29/2010. Foram analisadas 228 amostras de fezes de 37 espécies de aves cativas, provenientes de 22 recintos, no período de agosto de 2010 a julho de 2012. As fezes refrigeradas foram analisadas por meio dos métodos de flutuação de Willis-Mollay e de sedimentação simples de Hoffmann, Pons e Janer. Das amostras analisadas, 127 (55,7%) foram positivas e, destas, 55 (43,3%) apresentaram infecção mista. Os parasitos encontrados pertencem aos gêneros Strongyloides, Eimeria, Capillaria, Deletrocephalus e Isospora, às superfamílias Strongyloidea, Ascaroidea e Spiruroidea, à ordem Trichurida e à classe Cestoda. Os resultados dos exames dos recintos de Jabiru mycteia (tuiuiú) e Cariama cristata (seriema) foram negativos, em todo o período avaliado. Medidas higiênico-sanitárias e de controle da circulação de animais e pessoas foram instituídas para minimizar a infecção das aves, porém são necessárias novas análises para avaliação do impacto das mesmas.
Digestive and respiratory tracts parasite's protozoan, Cryptosporidium spp. now-a-days is a major zoonotic agent, it causes self-limiting diarrhea, remaining in the body passively until the moment immune system decreases, leading to an increase in its multiplication in the mucosa and appearance of clinical signs. As there are few studies on cryptosporidiosis in wild free-living and captive animals, especially in Brazil, this study aimed to identify the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in feces of captive animals in Cascavel, PR Municipal Zoo. Between 2011 and 2012 there have been four collections of bird feces and five mammalian feces totaling 65 and 118 samples respectively. Samples were sent to the laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Federal University of Parana. The feces were diluted, centrifuged and the pellets were used to make blades which were stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen modified method and observed under a microscope with 1000X magnification. Then the blades containing the oocysts were observed under a capture microscope, where they were measured. Mammals showed 49.15% and birds 44.61% of positivity. Oocysts' sizes ranged from 3,54μm to 5,81μm with an average of 4,32μm for birds and 3,11μm to 5,60μm averaging 4,63μm to mammals. As of yet, there isn't effective treatment against this parasite and considering that it's a zoonotic disease, preventive measures should be taken to prevent transmission to humans. Key words: Cryptosporidium, wild animals, Ziehl-Neelsen, zoonosis ResumoProtozoário que parasita o trato digestório e respiratório dos animais, o Cryptosporidium spp. é um importante agente zoonótico da atualidade, responsável por causar diarreia auto limitante, permanecendo no organismo de forma passiva até o momento em que há uma queda da imunidade, levando a um aumento na sua multiplicação na mucosa e aparecimento de sinais clínicos. Como há poucos estudos sobre a criptosporidiose em animais silvestres de vida livre e de cativeiro, especialmente no Brasil, esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa para identificar a presença método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e observadas em microscópio com aumento 1000X. Em seguida as lâminas contendo os oocistos foram observadas em microscópio de captura, onde os mesmos foram mensurados. Os mamíferos apresentaram 49,15% de positividade e as aves 44,61% das amostras positivas. O tamanho dos oocistos variou de 3,54µm a 5,81µm com uma média de 4,32µm para aves e de 3,11µm a 5,60µm com média de 4,63µm para mamíferos. Como ainda não há tratamento eficaz para esse parasito e considerando que se trata de uma zoonose, medidas preventivas devem ser tomadas para evitar a transmissão para humanos.
Introduction: Pulmonary disease produced by nontuberculous mycobacteria and pulmonary tuberculosis can share clinical signs and symptoms. It is important to discern one from the other in order to provide the proper treatment and programmatic management. Objective: To describe the frequency of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from patients registered in the tuberculosis control program in Cali. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study to know what extent of the pulmonary tuberculosis load in Cali-Colombia corresponds to nontuberculous mycobacteria, in a four-year period, 2014-2017. Demographic (sex, age, health insurance), clinical (diagnosis dates, laboratory data, comorbidities) and programmatic data (tuberculosis treatment initiation and duration) was collected for statistical analysis. Results: Of 3,651 patients registered in the local tuberculosis program with an initial diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, 2,904 had sputum culture and among them 1.5% (43/2904) had nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation rather than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most of the nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates were not identified at the species level; M. fortuitum and M. abscessus were the most common species identified. 86% of patients initiated unnecessary tuberculosis treatment. Conclusion: Nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation from pulmonary samples could be frequent in patients registered in the tuberculosis program in Cali, Colombia. The lack of clinical suspicion, the limited laboratory infrastructure, and the absence of a reporting system could be contributing factors to underestimate the importance of nontuberculous mycobacteria in this setting. We recommend that nontuberculous mycobacteria identification should be considered for public health intervention.
Digestive and respiratory tracts parasite's protozoan, Cryptosporidium spp. now-a-days is a major zoonotic agent, it causes self-limiting diarrhea, remaining in the body passively until the moment immune system decreases, leading to an increase in its multiplication in the mucosa and appearance of clinical signs. As there are few studies on cryptosporidiosis in wild free-living and captive animals, especially in Brazil, this study aimed to identify the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in feces of captive animals in Cascavel, PR Municipal Zoo. Between 2011 and 2012 there have been four collections of bird feces and five mammalian feces totaling 65 and 118 samples respectively. Samples were sent to the laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Federal University of Parana. The feces were diluted, centrifuged and the pellets were used to make blades which were stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen modified method and observed under a microscope with 1000X magnification. Then the blades containing the oocysts were observed under a capture microscope, where they were measured. Mammals showed 49.15% and birds 44.61% of positivity. Oocysts' sizes ranged from 3,54μm to 5,81μm with an average of 4,32μm for birds and 3,11μm to 5,60μm averaging 4,63μm to mammals. As of yet, there isn't effective treatment against this parasite and considering that it's a zoonotic disease, preventive measures should be taken to prevent transmission to humans. Key words: Cryptosporidium, wild animals, Ziehl-Neelsen, zoonosis ResumoProtozoário que parasita o trato digestório e respiratório dos animais, o Cryptosporidium spp. é um importante agente zoonótico da atualidade, responsável por causar diarreia auto limitante, permanecendo no organismo de forma passiva até o momento em que há uma queda da imunidade, levando a um aumento na sua multiplicação na mucosa e aparecimento de sinais clínicos. Como há poucos estudos sobre a criptosporidiose em animais silvestres de vida livre e de cativeiro, especialmente no Brasil, esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa para identificar a presença método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e observadas em microscópio com aumento 1000X. Em seguida as lâminas contendo os oocistos foram observadas em microscópio de captura, onde os mesmos foram mensurados. Os mamíferos apresentaram 49,15% de positividade e as aves 44,61% das amostras positivas. O tamanho dos oocistos variou de 3,54µm a 5,81µm com uma média de 4,32µm para aves e de 3,11µm a 5,60µm com média de 4,63µm para mamíferos. Como ainda não há tratamento eficaz para esse parasito e considerando que se trata de uma zoonose, medidas preventivas devem ser tomadas para evitar a transmissão para humanos.
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