We evaluated the insecticide activities of aqueous extracts of five species of plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon (Deguelia utilis (ACSm.) AMGAZEVEDO (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), Xanthosoma purpuratum K. Krause (Alismatales: Araceae), Clibadium sp. (Asteracea: Asterales), Witheringia solanacea L'Hér (Solanales: Solanaceae), and Dieffenbachia costata H. Karst. ex Schott (Alismatales: Araceae)) plus Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poales: Poaceae) under laboratory, open-field conditions in Plutella xylostella L. (diamondback moth), and semifield conditions in Brevicoryne brassicae L. Tap water was used as a negative control, and synthetic insecticides were used as positive controls. In a laboratory bioassay, aqueous extracts of D. utilis resulted in P. xylostella larval mortality. In contrast to chlorpyrifos, all botanicals were oviposition deterrents. All extracts except Clibadium sp. decreased leaf consumption by P. xylostella larvae. In semifield experiments, D. utilis, Clibadium sp., D. costata, and X. purpuratum initially controlled the population of B. brassicae, but 7 d after application, all botanicals except the D. utilis lost their ability to control the pest. In field experiments on broccoli crops in both dry and rainy seasons, the extracts did not control the abundance of P. xylostella, where as a mixture of two insecticides (chlorpyrifos + lambda cyhalothrin) did. These results show some incongruences from laboratory to semifield and field conditions, indicating that more studies, including the identification of the chemicals responsible for the biological activity, its stability, and the effects of chemotypes on insecticidal activity, are needed to understand the potential of these plant species as botanical insecticides.

This research allows us to show common problems such as the green surface deficit, citizen insecurity, and lack of essential services that reflect social exclusion risks. To the above added the absence of infrastructure of the services provided by these systems such as recreation and recreation. Together, they are essential factors for the valuation of land use. Therefore, it is proposed to develop an analysis of recreational green areas appropriate to the needs of the city. With it, you will facilitate the realization of inventories that estimate social indicators, economic, and environmental indicators. The importance of planning recreational parks is to involve citizen participation as a necessary strategy to solve the problematic situations that arise; inclusive processes must be ensured, especially to meet the demands of spreading vulnerable social groups. It concludes the need to address green planning with a focus on economic, social, and ecological studies that encourage the involvement of society in this task.

A B S T R A C TLand-cover based indicators assessing the effect of the magnitude and spatial patterns of the artificialization process, including urban sprawl, barely consider the impact of the discontinuous spatial distribution of the artificialized built-up areas. In this study, we propose a new urban dispersion indicator, which incorporates the characteristic dynamics of the discontinuous urban artificial land cover class, characteristic of scarcely populated and highly dispersed territories, such as is the case of Continental Portugal. The indicator is based on the premise that the more built-up area, the higher the uptake of constructed area in a discontinuous pattern and the more dispersed this built-up area, the lower urban sustainability of the territory. Given that the minimum cartographic unit in Corine Land Cover (25 ha) is typically higher than most of the discontinuous urban patches in these territories, in this research we used national land use data from Portugal with a minimum cartographic unit of 1 ha.The values calculated for this indicator show that the level of urban dispersion of continental Portugal increased by 14.2% in the 1990-2007 period. The artificialization process was geographically heterogeneous with notable differences being observed between regions and also along the urban to rural and coastal to hinterland gradients. The temporal changes in the indicator allowed the identification of distinct artificialization patterns: diffusion, sprinkling and coalescence, which were interpreted on the basis of the evolution of the artificialization process. The values derived from this indicator were related with two main environmental impacts associated with the artificialization process: the loss of arable land and the decrease in the carbon sequestration capacity of the territory. The proposed indicator can be a useful tool to monitor and evaluate the impacts of different public policies with a direct impact on land artificialization, as well as on the territorial and urban planning processes, whether at the national, regional or municipal level, allowing more detailed and consistent spatial analyses and diagnoses of urban sustainability to be undertaken. for about 38% of Earth's terrestrial surface, the largest use of land on the planet, whereas 30% was covered by forests (Foley et al., 2011). Enhanced artificial land cover is closely associated with the https://doi.(P. Urbieta).Land Use Policy 85 (2019) 92-103 0264-8377/

We propose a new paradigm for public participation in urban planning, a field which presents significant challenges for public understanding and participation. Our approach is based on leveraging the rich diversity of meaning associated with cultural gestures, traditions, folklore, and rituals, and using them in augmented reality systems, in order for citizens' to explore, understand, and communicate the complex, systemic ideas and concepts associated with urban planning. At an immediate level, this approach holds the potential for enabling increased public awareness of what is at stake in urban planning -both on the part of citizens and on the part of public officials, policy-makers, and decision-makers -and consequently enhancing understanding and improving participation in public life and citizenship. It may also open up a new field of research and development in human-computer interaction, to leverage the richness of meaning and modes of expression which exist in various cultures and societies, rather than ignoring them and imposing dumbed-down or prescribed command methods. Thus, it aims to facilitate new levels of empowerment of users in the use of digital systems and data. The active utilization of cultural meaning in gestures, rituals, and social practices may also support and promote better inclusion and participation of minority groups and migrant communities in contemporary, technology-rich life.

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A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos.Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença.Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso.Os Sig e a construção de modelos territoriais no âmbito do planeamento municipal Autor(es):

The urbanization process in Portugal has led to an extensive and discontinuous growth of urban areas. This phenomenon is present in both metropolitan areas, with prevalence of an extensive urban development model, as in low density areas where urban growth follows is more discontinuous and scattered. This urban growth model has major impacts in the increase of urban infrastructures costs, energy inefficiency, CO2 emissions associated with the mobility as in the decrease of productive and natural resource areas. To reverse this trend, urban planners need to develop methods for selecting new urban suitable areas, that integrate new objectives and different criteria that promote urban consolidation. These objectives are commonly conflicting and the complexity and spatial nature associated with this processes justifies the use of GIS-multicriteria decision analysis methods (GIS-MCDA). This paper presents a method that uses a GIS-MCDA system and integrates economic, social and environmental objectives for defining new urban areas in the city of Vila Real. The results demonstrate that the consideration of new criteria and objectives derive more consolidated solutions for urban expansion.

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