Blooms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Anabaena spiroides were studied in relation to their toxins composition, geographical locations, and other characteristics of the waters in the southern region of Brazil. All forms of Cylindrospermopsis were paralytic shellfish toxin producers, with a similar profile of the toxins. Anabaena blooms were studied in relation to the production of anatoxin-a(S). In all samples containing Anabaena spiroides, a positive result was found when the AChE inhibition technique was used. Methods applied for both studies are very convenient for monitoring this large region and give a reasonable view of the present situation of water reservoirs in southern Brazil.
This study aimed to verify if Dinophysis acuminata natural blooms affected the immune system of three bivalves: the oyster, Crassostrea gigas, the mussel, Perna perna, and the clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana. Animals were obtained from a renowned mariculture farm in the southern bay of Santa Catarina Island during, and 30 days after (controls), an algal bloom. Various immunological parameters were assessed in the hemolymph of the animals: total and differential hemocyte counts, percentage of apoptotic hemocytes, protein concentration, hemagglutinating titer and phenoloxidase activity. The results showed that the mussel was the most affected species, with several altered immune parameters, whereas the immunological profile of clams and oysters was partially and completely unaffected, respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.