Tomato is an important crop due to its nutritional contributions and organoleptic properties, which make it an appetizing vegetable around the world. In its sowing, the use of seed is the most accessible propagation mechanism for farmers. However, the induction to germination and emergence is often limited in the absence of stimulants that promote the development and growth of the seedling, added to the interference of infectious agents that notoriously reduce the vitality and viability of the seed. Given this, it was proposed as a research objective to determine the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) mediated by a green route on the germinative characteristics of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 1768 “tomato”. The experimental phase consisted of the synthesis of ZnO NPs and its subsequent characterization. After its synthesis, its inoculation was conducted during the germination of seeds of L. esculentum, considering six sample groups for the treatment with zinc nanoparticles (T1: Control; T2: 21.31 ppm; T3: 33.58 ppm; T4: 49.15 ppm; T5: 63.59 and T6: 99.076 ppm). The results indicate that concentrations close to 100 ppm of ZnO NPs are ideal in the treatment of L. esculentum seeds, due to the promotion of enzymatic and metabolic activity to achieve cell elongation; likewise, the biosynthesized nanoparticles showed no phytotoxicity, due to the fact that, in all the treatments, there were processes of germination and emergence. This was linked to the generation of a Zn0-phenolate complex through a chelating effect, which generates compatibility with the seed and, compared to classic inorganic synthesis, usually shows phytotoxicity. In this sense, green synthesis is presented as a great alternative in this type of application.
Currently there are very volatile scenarios where financial technology is relevant due to the changes that emerge from the current globalization, assuming a decisive role in the strengthening of business innovation, so that organizations must align themselves to such conjunctures in order to maintain their validity in the market and increase their competitiveness. The purpose of the study was to analyze Financial Technology to optimize the innovation management of Chimbote's SMEs, and thus be a reference. The methodology used was of propositive -comparative descriptive scope, its design non-experimental, crosssectional, descriptive. The survey was used as a technique. The results indicate that the p-value of significance of the Mann-Whitney U test turned out to be greater than 0.05 (p=0.251>0.05), likewise, the T Student test for independent samples presented a p-value of significance greater than 0.05 (p=0.479>0.05), this is how there is no significant difference in the score achieved in Innovation Management and Financial Technology of two Chimbote SMEs in the field of heavy machinery transport. Therefore, both companies agree that it is necessary to apply financial technology to further improve management processes by innovating the organization in order to be sustainable over time.
Phaseolus lunatus es una especie única que caracteriza a la cultura moche, ubicada en la costa norte de Perú y evidencia de ello son las representaciones arqueológicas. Ante la existencia de una gran diversidad de ecotipos, resulta fundamental determinar la morfometría de vainas y semillas. Para ello, se recolectaron 200 vainas maduras durante el primer trimestre del 2021, estas procedieron de dos pequeñas parcelas agrícolas del distrito de Moche. El muestreo fue completamente al azar, seleccionándose 50 unidades experimentales y aplicando un análisis estadístico de tipo descriptivo. Durante la fase experimental se consideraron como variables la longitud, el ancho, el peso, el número de semillas y el peso de semillas en la vaina y su longitud, ancho y peso. Los resultados fueron analizados con el software R, hallándose que P. lunatus presenta la forma lima, con semillas de color blanco y negro. La vaina tiene una longitud de 12,863 ± 0,471 cm, mientras que el ancho es de 2,567 ± 0,198 cm. El peso de las vainas es de 6,914 ± 0,693 g, además de contar con 2,667 ± 0,226 de semillas por vaina, las cuales tienen un peso total de 4,684 ± 0,560 g. Por otro lado, las semillas tienen una longitud de 2,193 ± 0,052 cm, un ancho de 1,380 ± 0,053 cm y un peso de 1,393 ± 0,078 g. Se concluye que la morfometría de las vainas y las semillas de P. lunatus podrían ser usadas en estudios futuros para diferenciar y caracterizar el ecotipo pallar mochero.
This article seeks to establish the prospects for the valorization of 9 seeds and 12 fruit peels based on their physical properties. These residues were characterized with respect to: residue generation index (RGI), particle size, thickness, sphericity, density (particle and bulk), total moisture, hardness and maturity (color scale). By analyzing the results of these physical characteristics, the possibilities of utilization for obtaining edible foods, flours, pigments, composting, oil extraction and activated carbon were established. It was found that the IGR of shells and seeds was between 11.91-55.61 % and 2.08-13.95 %, respectively. Seeds presented particle sizes of 0.38-4.21 cm, sphericities between 0.42-0.90, particle density of 0.91-1.43 g/mL, bulk densities between 0.85-1.08 g/mL and total moisture of 31.42-84.71 %; while the shells presented thicknesses of 0.08-0.80 cm, densities between 0.94-1.19 g/mL, hardnesses from 54.49 N to values greater than 118.43 N and total moisture content of 15.19-94.44 %. It is concluded that shells are generated in greater quantity than seeds and it is recommended to use these residues together. In addition, the physical characteristics of the residues affect the alternative of utilization and valorization. Therefore, fruit residues can be used to obtain edible foods, flours, pigments, biofertilizers, vegetable oils and activated carbon; and it is recommended to perform other analyses such as: thermogravimetric, elemental, calorific value, bromatological, determination of adsorption curves and porosity, to revalidate the possibilities of utilization and valorization mentioned above.
Para la propagación de Solanum tuberosum, los tubérculos son la forma más empleada en la mayoría de las zonas agroecológicas. El empleo de esquejes de tallo juvenil es una práctica exclusiva de viveros y empresas agrícolas que hacen uso de hormonas enraizantes, inaccesibles para los pequeños agricultores por su alto costo. Se ha reportado que la auxina sintética 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) a muy baja concentración induce al enraizamiento de esquejes y puede ser una alternativa viable para la agricultura a pequeña escala. Ante la necesidad de un mayor conocimiento, se propuso como objetivo de investigación evaluar el efecto enraizante del 2,4-D en esquejes de tallo juvenil de S. tuberosum var. yungay. La fase experimental se desarrolló en el invernadero del Instituto de la Papa y Cultivos Andinos de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (Perú), con plántulas procedentes del mismo instituto que se convirtieron en plantas madre donadoras de esquejes de tallo juvenil, los cuales fueron sembrados en cama de enraizamiento con diferentes concentraciones de 2,4-D. El análisis estadístico de los resultados demostró que la concentración de 0,3 % generó un promedio mayor en número de raíces (6,52), longitud de raíces (5,31 cm) y altura de plántula (2,63 cm). Se concluyó que el 2,4-D en concentración del 0,3 % produce un mejor enraizamiento de esquejes de tallo juvenil de S. tuberosum var. yungay.
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