Indonesia should occupy a very important position for the global political economy of renewable energy because it has the largest geothermal reserves in the world, about 40% of the world's geothermal resources are in Indonesia. Historically, geothermal development for electric power was carried out in 1926 but until now the use of geothermal energy has been slow and has only reached less than 3% of the national energy demand and only ranks 2 nd country after the United States as the largest producer of geothermal energy. The Indonesian government is having difficulty getting partners or investors to develop the geothermal industry, one of the reasons is the improper electricity tariffs set unilaterally by the government. This research uses a normative juridical method to analyze the determination of electricity tariffs related to the legal system of "Civil Law" and the political configuration in Indonesia that underlies the setting of electricity tariffs, with the intention that geothermal energy can act as a sustainable economic development agenda and help improve the domestic economy.
Mineral deposition or scale is the main problem faced in geothermal energy management activities that occur in wells and in production facilities that cause a decrease in power plants’ capacity. Scales are formed naturally and cannot be prevented because it is associated with reservoir and operational conditions that are widely found in Indonesian geothermal systems, predominantly liquid dominated ones, therefore the advantaged technology is needed to clean the scale (scale removal) so that the ability of wells and power plant capacity is maintained. This research aims to offer the alternative method for scale removal using the True Fluidics Oscillator (TFO)-Pulsating Waves Method. This method combines mechanical processes, chemical processes, and wave processes simultaneously to provide solutions to clean scales inside or outside the production casing or perforation zone. This oscillator creates pulsating pressure waves within the wellbore and formation fluids. These pressure waves help to break up any type of near-wellbore damage and restore the permeability by carrying the fluid past the wellbore into the formation. The pressure waves expand in a spherical fashion from the point of origin providing 360° coverage while moving the tool across the interval. The TFO is not affected by standoff from the surface to be cleaned and TFO efficiently transfers the kinetic energy of the fluid pumped to the damaged zone. The use of TFO in conjunction with any chemical treatments will greatly enhance the chemical surface contact area. Technical and economic analysis of the operation of TFO is needed to be applied appropriately to the condition of geothermal systems in Indonesia by using examples of cases in the Central Java Geothermal Field to know the feasibility of the technology.
This article examines the economic law applies in Indonesia, especially concerning dealing with the Covid 19 Pandemic crisis. The global urgency caused by the Covid 19 Pandemic demands an appropriate response in determining economic policies and laws. Through the normative juridical method using literature studies as data collection, it was found that the economic law enacted by the Indonesian government has taken into account the national interest, which means taking a role in the realization of a strong, resilient, and independent national economy based on people and kinship.
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