Chronic migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by 15 or more headache days per month of which at least 8 days show typical migraine features. The process that describes the development from episodic migraine into chronic migraine is commonly referred to as migraine transformation or chronification. Ample studies have attempted to identify factors associated with migraine transformation from different perspectives. Understanding CM as a pathological brain state with trigeminovascular participation where biological changes occur, we have completed a comprehensive review on the clinical, epidemiological, genetic, molecular, structural, functional, physiological and preclinical evidence available.
COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-COV2, that can be complicated by acute distress respiratory syndrome and multiorgan failure. In light of the high rate of mortality associated with COVID-19, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to prevent the infection are currently being tested. Among non-pharmacological preventive measures, vaccines represent one of the main resources for public health. It has been suggested that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may protect individuals against infection from COVID-19 virus, and two clinical trials addressing this question are underway. Here, we report the case of a 32-year old woman, vaccinated with BCG when she was 1 year old, who was diagnosed with apical tuberculous pneumonia of the right lung along with COVID 19 pneumonia.
COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-COV2 that can be complicated by acute distress respiratory syndrome and multiorgan failure. In light of the high rate of mortality associated with COVID-19, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to prevent the infection are currently being tested. Among non-pharmacological preventive measures, vaccines represent one of the main resources for public health. It has been suggested that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may protect individuals against infection from COVID-19 virus, and two clinical trials addressing this question are underway. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old woman, vaccinated with BCG when she was 1 year old, who was diagnosed with apical tuberculous pneumonia of the right lung along with COVID 19 pneumonia.
Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-COV2). Starting from Wuhan (China) where it was firstly reported, it rapidly spread to the rest of the world, causing a pandemic with more than 300.000 deaths to date. Case presentation: we report an extremely severe case of coronavirus pneumonia in an over-80 years old patient with hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Despite several bad anamnestic indicators, the severe clinical conditions and complications that arose during hospitalization, the patient recovered and was discharged.Conclusions: Although a higher vulnerability of geriatric patients has been observed, the literature on elderly COVID-19 patients have remained very scarce, especially in those over 80. The aim of this paper is to describe an extremely severe case of coronavirus pneumonia in an over-80 years old patient that, despite a clearly poor anamnestic and clinical prognostic forecast was successfully discharged thanks to a careful evaluation of the case and of the complications that have arisen. Several efforts have been made to identify therapeutic strategies and prognostic indicators of COVID-19 but there is still much to learn. With this report, we hope to provide important elements to better understand this disease.
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