The dependence of EMF, current and voltage at a fixed load, and the fuel cell inner resistance on anolyte composition has been studied using microbial fuel cell (MFC) model. Strain Gluconobacter oxydans subsp. industrius VKM B-1280 was a biocatalyst; glucose was used as a fuel. The following anolyte compositions were considered: (1) water-soluble mediator 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) in combination with suspension and immobilized bacteria and (2) hydrophobic mediators ferrocene and 1,1'-dimethylferrocene in combination with immobilized bacteria. It was shown that DCPIP in combination with immobilized bacteria versus the cell suspension increases the generated EMF for 36%, current for 25%, power for 56%, and inner resistance for 14%. Ferrocene seems to be more preferable as compared with 1,1'-dimethylferrocene. Ferrocene gives higher values of the generated EMF (for 8%) and current (for 47%), as well as decreases the inner resistance of MFC for 38%. The proposed system can be used for rapid qualitative and quantitative assessment of the "fuel-cell-mediator-electrode" interaction under charge transfer and is used in the search of effective anolyte compositions.
In the paper the authors analyze theoretical approaches to definition and classification of creative clusters, including used by the international economic organizations. The role and influence of creative economy for modern development of the urbanized cities is shown. In the paper the production factor which is basic for creation of added value in creative economy is designated. The authors show influence of the creative industries on development of world economy using of relevant analytical materials and statistical data. On the basis of the retrospective analysis from the Russian and foreign practice experience of creation and development of the creative cities is analyzed. Such mechanisms of change of the urbanized cities’ public space as a placemaking and redevelopment are described. In the study the comparative analysis of creative economy’s key indicators of the world capitals – leaders in development of the creative environment in dynamics is carried out. Analysis is based on the data of the Global Creativity Index and the interrelation of creativity level with urban saturation and competitiveness of the countries and cities.
The article is dedicated to the analysis of principles and procedures for building internal financial control in a commercial bank. The practice of internal financial control is considered on the example of Sberbank (Russia). The authors outlined the prospects for introduction of computer audit and the use of artificial intelligence to ensure the security of commercial banks in Russia and other countries.
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