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BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been increasingly recognized in cats living in areas endemic for the disease. Co-infection with Leishmania infantum and other infectious agents is well established in dogs. However, for cats, data on co-infections with L. infantum and other infectious agents are still sparse. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens, Mycoplasma spp., feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in cats from an area endemic for VL in southeastern Brazil.ResultsOf the 90 cats, eight (8.9%) were infected with Mycoplasma spp., five (5.5%) were FIV- positive and one (1.1%) was FeLV-positive. Co-infection with L. infantum and at least one other infectious agent was found in 9/50 (18.0%; CI: 8.6–31.4%) cats. In Group 1 (cats infected naturally by L. infantum), 4/50 (8.0%) cats were positive for FIV, 4/50 (8%) for Mycoplasma spp. and 1/50 (2.0%) was co-infected with FeLV and Mycoplasma spp. In Group 2 (cats non-infected with L. infantum), 2/40 (5.0%) cats were infected with Mycoplasma spp. and 1/40 (2.5%) was co-infected with FIV and Mycoplasma spp. All cats were negative for Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp. and Anaplasma platys.ConclusionA low prevalence of co-infection in Leishmania-infected and non-infected cats was found. Co-infections with Leishmania and vector-borne diseases in cats are not common in this area endemic for VL in Brazil.

Apesar da descrição de vários casos de leishmaniose felina no mundo, pouco se sabe sobre a importância do gato como um reservatório da doença. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de leishmaniose em gatos provenientes de uma área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral no Brasil. Duzentos gatos foram incluídos no estudo. A presença de infecção foi determinada por meio do achado de formas amastigotas do parasita em esfregaços obtidos por punção biópsia aspirativa de linfonodos, medula óssea, baço e fígado, e pela presença de anticorpos anti-L. chagasi pelo teste de ELISA indireto. Nossos resultados demonstraram uma prevalência de infecção em 14,5% (31/200) dos gatos na população estudada, sendo 4% (8/200) por diagnóstico parasitológico e 11,5% (23/200) por sorologia.

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