We report a case of a 25-year-old female patient who showed chronic hepatopathy with elevated levels of autoantibodies and gamma globulins, resembling autoimmune hepatitis. After 8 weeks of unsuccessful immunosuppressive treatment, further evaluation showed laboratorial and histological findings suggestive of Wilson’s disease. The new treatment with D-penicillamine resulted in positive outcome, despite the initial misleading diagnosis.
Pré-eclâmpsia precoce e tardia: uma classificação mais adequada para o prognóstico materno e perinatal? Early-onset preeclampsia: is it a better classification for maternal and perinatal outcomes?Zilma Silveira Nogueira reiS 1 eura martiNS lage Artigo originalResumo OBJETIVO: avaliar as diferenças entre o resultado materno e perinatal de gestações complicadas pela pré-eclâmpsia, segundo classificação em sua forma grave/leve e de início precoce/tardio. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 211 gestações complicadas pela pré-eclâmpsia, avaliadas em centro universitário de referência, no período de 2000 a 2010. O diagnóstico e a gravidade da doença foram baseados nos valores da pressão arterial, proteinúria e nos achados clínicos e laboratoriais. A idade da gestante, cor da pele, paridade, pressão arterial, valores de proteinúria semiquantitativa, presença de incisura bilateral em artérias uterinas à doplervelocimetria e as condições de nascimento foram comparados entre os casos de forma leve/grave, assim como entre aqueles de surgimento precoce/tardio. A doença foi considerada precoce quando diagnosticada antes da 34ª semana. RESULTADOS: a maioria das gestantes apresentava a forma grave da pré-eclâmpsia (82,8%) e 50,7%, de início precoce. Os valores da pressão arterial (133,6±14,8 versus 115,4 mmHg, p=0,0004, e 132,2±16,5 versus 125,7 mmHg, p=0,0004) e proteinúria semiquantitativa (p=0,0003 e p=0,0005) foram mais elevados nas formas grave e precoce em relação às formas leve e tardia. O peso ao nascimento (1.435,4±521,6 versus 2.710±605,0 g, 1.923,7±807,9 versus 2.415,0±925,0 g, p<0,0001 para ambos) e o índice de Apgar (p=0,01 para ambos) foram menores nas formas grave e precoce da pré-eclâmpsia, em relação às formas leve e tardia. Por outro lado, a presença de incisura bilateral em artérias uterinas se associou às formas de início precoce (69,2 versus 47,9%, p=0,02), enquanto a restrição de crescimento fetal foi mais frequente nas formas graves da pré-eclâmpsia (30 versus 4,4%, p=0,008). CONCLUSÃO: a classificação da pré-eclâmpsia baseada em parâmetros clínicos maternos refletiu melhor as condições de nutrição fetal, enquanto o seu surgimento precoce se associou melhor à vasculopatia placentária detectada à doplervelocimetria.Abstract PURPOSE: to evaluate the differences between the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, according to the classification as the severe/mild form, and the early/late onset form. METHODS: a retrospective study with 211 pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, assessed at a university reference center from 2000 to 2010. The diagnosis and disease severity were based on the values of blood pressure, proteinuria, and clinical and laboratory findings. The pregnant's age, skin color, parity, blood pressure, urine protein semiquantitative values, presence of bilateral notch in the uterine artery dopplervelocimetry and birth conditions were compared between patients with mild and severe disease, as well as between those of early/late onset. The disease w...
Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects from 20% to 50% of cirrhotic patients, and the one-month mortality rate is 60%. The main cause of AKI is bacterial infection, which worsens circulatory dysfunction through the release of HMGB1 and IL-6. Objectives. To evaluate HMGB1 and IL-6 as biomarkers of morbidity/mortality. Methods. Prospective, observational study of 25 hospitalised cirrhotic patients with AKI. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at the time of diagnosis of AKI, including serum HMGB1 and IL-6. Results. The mean age was 55 years; 70% were male. Infections accounted for 13 cases. The 30-day and three-month mortality rates were 17.4% and 30.4%, respectively. HMGB1 levels were lower in survivors than in nonsurvivors at 30 days (1174.2 pg/mL versus 3338.5 pg/mL, p=0.035), but not at three months (1540 pg/mL versus 2352 pg/mL, p=0.243). Serum IL-6 levels were 43.3 pg/mL versus 153.3 pg/mL (p=0.061) at 30 days and 35.8 pg/mL versus 87.9 pg/mL (p=0.071) at three months, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for HMGB1 was 0.842 and 0.657, and that for IL-6 was 0.803 and 0.743 for discriminating nonsurvivors at 30 days and three months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, no biomarker was independently associated with mortality. Conclusion. HMGB1 levels were associated with decreased survival in cirrhotics. Larger studies are needed to confirm our results.
Background. Acute kidney injury occurs in approximately 20% of hospitalized cirrhotic patients. Mortality is estimated at 60% within a month and 65% within a year. Aims. To evaluate survival in 30 days and in 3 months of cirrhotic patients hospitalized with acute kidney injury, identifying factors associated with mortality. Methods. 52 patients with cirrhosis admitted to an academic tertiary center who presented acute kidney injury according to the International Club of Ascites criteria were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory data was collected at diagnosis between 2011 and 2015. Results. Average age was 54.6 (±10.7) years and 69.2% were male. The average MELD, MELD-Na, and Child-Pugh scores were 21.9 (±7.0), 24.5 (±6.7), and 10.1 (±2.2), respectively. Thirty patients (57.7%) were in acute kidney injury stage 1, 16 (30.8%) in stage 2, and six (11.6%) in stage 3. Mortality was 28.6% in 30 days and 44.9% in three months. In multivariate analysis, variables that were associated independently to mortality were lack of response to expansion treatment and Child-Pugh score. Mortality was 93.3% in three months among nonresponders compared to 28.6% among those who responded to volume expansion (p<0.0001). Conclusion. Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis has dire prognosis, particularly in patients with advanced cirrhosis and in nonresponders to volume expansion.
Variceal bleeding is a serious complication in cirrhotic patients and is related to increased expression of inflammatory mediators that accentuate circulatory dysfunction. The study aims to evaluate the performance of high mobility protein group 1 (HMG1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI), infection and death in these patients. Fifty patients who were diagnosed with advanced chronic liver disease with variceal bleeding were included. The mean age was 52.8 ± 10.8 years, and 33 (66%) were male. Twenty-one (42%) patients were classified as Child-Pugh C, 21 (42%) Child-Pugh B and 8 (16%) Child-Pugh A. The mean HMG1 serum level was 2872.36 pg/mL ± 2491.94, and the median IL-6 serum level was 47.26 pg/mL (0-1102.4). In AKI, the serum level of HMG1 that performed best on the ROC curve was 3317.9 pg/mL. The IL-6 serum level was not associated with AKI. HMG1 and IL-6 cut-off values that better predicted infection were 3317.9 pg/mL and 72.9 pg/mL, and for mortality, the values were 2668 pg/mL and 84.5 pg/mL, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the variables that were associated with AKI and infection outcomes were model for end-stage liver disease and HMG1. Infections were related to the risk of death. Clinical and laboratory variables related to the outcomes were identified. Serum levels of HMG1 were associated with AKI and infection and had
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