As universities gradually became the center of society's knowledge production system, their role in innovation becomes more diverse. In the pursuit of such a role, universities are encouraged to establish a university-industry collaboration context that supports faculties and students to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The intention of this paper is to investigate the drivers of such collaborations in China in new energy vehicle industry. The current theory is supported by the outcomes of Probit regression, putting emphasis on R&D intensity, openness to Research and Development as determined by the variety of partners and higher access to information channels of R&D.
Abstract:In spite of the diverse major issues affecting the economy of Ghana over the years, the economy continues to experience a downward spiral in its economic growth. Taking into account three opining views regarding government spending and economic growth, this study sets to investigate the causal nexus fractious and economic growth in Ghana. We apply the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration and the vector error correction model (VECM)-Granger causality test to evaluate both long-and short-run parameters including the direction of causation with data spanning from 1980 and 2015.The empirical results show evidence of co-integration for the existence of a long-run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The Granger causality tests, in addition, indicated causal independence between government spending and economic growth within the time framework of the study in the economy of Ghana. Government spending has a cause effect on economic growth in Ghana. However, government spending channeled into a more fractious use with the building of resilience and infrastructural development that are self-liquidating if encouraged will enhance economic activities in the short run and also propel growth in the long run in the Ghana.
The study sets to investigate the complex nexus of why the majority of SMEs from the manufacturing industry of Ghana decide to focus on the domestic market, while few choose to sell a proportion of their goods abroad (thus engage in export activities), even though they face and operate in similar market conditions. While a huge variety of clarifications to this issue exists in current writing analyzing the export behavior of SMEs organizations, these clarifications anyway are uncertain and confined in geographic extension along these lines created nations setting. Methodologically, the study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative techniques in addressing the phenomenon. The quantitative method involves the logit probability regression analysis while the qualitative analysis is based on a systematic content review of data amidst descriptive statistics. Overall, firm size, sub sector, workforce education levels, government inclusion, financial availability and participation in international and domestic business networks are found to be the key drivers explaining why some manufacturing SMEs from Ghana choose to export, while majority of others remained focused on the domestic market. In light of the discoveries it is presumed that SME proprietor administrators in Ghana trying to fare ought to put resources into the improvement of both local and global systems as a methods for improving their entrance to worldwide markets. From a policy point of view, an intriguing suggestion for the legislature of Ghana to give further help in a bid to encourage the actions of industrial associations in Ghana is profoundly underscored. Contribution/ Originality: This study is one of very few studies which have investigated export propensity among SME firms in the manufacturing industry in the context of a developing economy.
Foreign direct investment inflows and outflows, export and import are seen as some of the major factors for transforming a country’s economic growth and development. This paper provides and evaluate literature review on importation and exportation alongside inward and outward FDI in Ghana. By considering some selected countries such China, India, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom in determining whether there is some sort of connection between Ghana’s trading partners and investing countries in its economy by the use of quantitative method. The results show that Ghana’s export values have improved rapidly over the past years with a continuous decrease in its imports. The outcome further proves that, at the initial level, export from Ghana to China, India, US and UK were of lower values and with much effort by the Ghana government to control the balance of trade deficit from these major trading partners is in the process of achieving the goal, as the country has been experiencing balance of trade surplus from China and India except in the situation US and UK. It was also revealed that China, India, US and UK are not only major trading partners, but also top investing nations in Ghana. It is suggested Ghana should increase its outward FDI and also encourages its multinational companies to embark on cross-boarder investment.
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