Purpose To study post-interventional findings in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) treated with teprotumumab. Observations In this multicenter observational Case series , patients with DON were treated with teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor I receptor inhibitor (10 mg/kg for the first infusion then 20 mg/kg for subsequent infusions, every three weeks for a total 8 infusions). This study included patients with acute and chronic thyroid eye disease (TED) with DON who had failed conventional therapies and were not candidates for surgical decompression. Data collected included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision, RAPD when present, and orbital CT or MRI. Proptosis, clinical activity score (CAS), Gorman diplopia score (GDS), and Humphrey visual fields (HVF) were also evaluated. Ten patients (6 women, 4 men) with an average age 64 years old were included in this study. Mean follow up after completion of infusions was 15 weeks. Baseline visual acuity (VA) impairment ranged from hand motion (HM) to 20/25 in affected eyes. All patients had pre-treatment orbital CT or MRI that confirmed orbital apex compression. Seventy percent of patients had objective improvement in DON after 2 infusions of teprotumumab measured as significant improvement in visual acuity, resolution of RAPD, or both. After completion of treatment, affected eyes had a mean BCVA improvement of 0.87 logMAR (p=0.0207), proptosis reduction of 4.7 mm (p<0.00001), CAS improvement of 5.25 points (p<0.00001), and GDS improvement of 0.75 points (p=0.160). All 6 patients who presented with an RAPD had resolution or improvement of RAPD. All 7 patients who presented with color vision deficits had normalization or improvement of color vision. Conclusions and Importance Teprotumumab infusions resulted in medical decompression and objective resolution or improvement of dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Most patients had rapid improvement of visual acuity and reversal of RAPD. Post-infusion imaging demonstrated reduction in extraocular muscle size that correlated with improvement in visual dysfunction. However, patients who presented with longstanding severe visual loss had limited improvement. There was no recurrence of DON after completion of teprotumumab in our cohort.
LAO can be offered to an unselected cohort of all-comers with a reduced postoperative complication rate and comparable oncological and long-term survival outcomes when compared with open surgery.
Patients with orbital compartment syndrome may see visual recovery after lateral canthotomy and cantholysis, even if performed outside of the previously accepted 3-hour window. Purpose: Evaluate visual outcomes in relation to time from injury to intervention in patients who undergo lateral canthotomy with cantholysis (LCC) for retrobulbar hemorrhage (RBH). Methods: Retrospective study of patients with orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) secondary to RBH who underwent LCC. OCS due to RBH was defined by a combination of decreased vision, proptosis, resistance to retropulsion, increased intraocular pressure, and relative afferent pupillary defect. Time from injury to intervention and change in visual acuity were calculated, with regression analysis identifying predictors of vision recovery. Results: Fifteen participants were included. Three (20%) participants presented with no light perception, 7 (47%) with count fingers (CF) to light perception, and 5 (33%) with better than count fingers vision. All 5 participants who had LCC within 3 hours (twice the standard 90 minutes) gained some vision, and 6 of 10 participants who had LCC after 3 hours recovered some vision. The latest intervention with visual acuity improvement was performed 9 hours postinjury. Of 3 participants who presented with no light perception vision, 1 regained vision to 20/40 (intervention 1.7 hours postinjury), and 2 did not regain any vision (interventions at 5 and 8.7 hours postinjury). Duration from injury to intervention was associated with decreased amount of vision recovery (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Increased time to intervention with LCC was associated with less vision recovery after OCS from RBH. However, over half of participants with intervention more than 90 minutes after injury still showed visual acuity improvement. The authors recommend LCC in all patients who present with OCS regardless of the time since injury.
PurposeTo describe a case of orbital apex syndrome as a result of isolated bacterial sinusitis.ObservationsA 63-year-old woman presented with an orbital apex syndrome from isolated bacterial sinusitis with rapidly declining visual acuity to no light perception. We compared our case with 6 similar cases of severe vision loss from isolated bacterial sinusitis. In contrast to previously published cases, our patient presented with good vision yet deteriorated to no light perception despite appropriate treatment.Conclusions and importanceOrbital apex syndrome can present as a constellation of cranial neuropathies including optic neuropathy from conditions affecting the orbital apex. Although vision loss remained permanent, prompt initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals and surgical intervention prevented further extension of infection into intracranial structures.
Purpose To identify attributes related to glaucoma diagnosis or early glaucoma treatment patterns that are associated with changes in health-related quality of life among those with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods Among Nurses’ Health Study participants with incident medical record-confirmed primary open-angle glaucoma diagnosed in 1992–2000, we included 317 women who completed the Short-Form 36 Health Survey pre- and post-diagnosis. The two primary outcomes were 4-year changes (1992–1996 or 1996–2000) in the physical and mental component summary scores. Multiple regression models were used to estimate differences in score changes by early treatment pattern history and characteristics as of diagnosis (i.e., number of eyes affected, history of cataract, macular degeneration, cup-to-disc ratio, intraocular pressure, visual field loss type). Results In multivariable models, no ophthalmologic characteristics were associated with physical component score change. However, compared to treatment with eye drops or pills only, laser trabeculoplasty treatment (concomitant with history of treatment with eye drops or pills in 84%) was associated with a worse mental component score change over four years (-2.5 units; 95% confidence interval: −4.6, −0.3); this association was stronger with a family history of glaucoma (p-interaction=0.04) or with bilateral disease (p-interaction=0.001). Conclusions Among patients with incident glaucoma, no major factors were associated with change in physical well-being. However, compared to medical treatment only, a history of laser trabeculoplasty, which was commonly accompanied with a history of medical treatment and likely represented the need for a second line of treatment, was associated with a worse decline in mental well-being.
A best evidence topic in surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether laparoscopic mobilisation of the stomach as part of a trans-thoracic oesophageal resection results in improved peri-operative outcomes as compared with an open approach. 319 papers were found using the reported search; the 5 representing the best evidence to answer the question are discussed. The evidence on this subject is poor, none of the studies were randomised and only one was prospective. We conclude that laparoscopically-assisted gastric mobilisation during trans-thoracic oesophageal resection may have advantages over open surgery in terms of short-term peri-operative outcomes including reduced blood loss, reduced dependence on ventilatory support and shortened intensive care and overall hospital stay. However there was no difference between laparoscopic and open surgery in terms of overall morbidity or mortality rates.
D ry eye syndrome is the most common reason that patients visit an eye care specialist in the United States. It is associated with decreased tear production and is most prevalent in patients 50 years of age or older. There are currently about 5 million affected patients across the United States. (1). It can be caused by certain medications, progressive aging, rosacea, and hormonal changes in women. Symptoms include itching, burning, discharge, pain, redness, and may even cause blurred vision (2). Standard therapy includes artificial tears, prescription medications including Restasis and Xiidra, and punctal closure with cautery or punctal plugs (3). Blepharospasm occurs in a subset of dry eye patients with overlapping demographic. Treating the dry eye syndrome can help improve comfort and duration of botulinum toxin activity (2). We describe a patient with rosacea-related dry eye syndrome and severe blepharospasm who was helped with intense pulsed light treat
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