Recycling of the constituents of wastewater requires efficient and cheap separation methods. Pollutants must be removed in a concentrated form to facilitate their recycling. Similarly, the raw water must be purified to a level necessary for water reuse. One very efficient method for the separation of ions from liquids is ion exchange, which has greater than currently realised utility for the treatment of wastewater.The application of ion exchange to the recovery of metals, nutrients and rare chemicals as well as water from industrial effluents and sewage is summarized. Attention is given to the ways of improving the economics of recovery. One method of making the recovery processes simpler and less costly is to employ magnetic resins. Because of their excellent kinetic properties the size of the equipment needed is minimized. The present and future possible applications of magnetic resins are reviewed.
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