Social insects have an efficient recognition system that guarantees social cohesion and protection against intruders in their colonies and territories. However, the energy costs in constant conflicts with neighboring colonies could promote a reduction in the fitness of colonies. Here, we evaluated the effect of previous exposure to allocolonial odor and the consumption of similar food resources on aggressive behavior and choice of allocolonial cues in Nasutitermes aff. coxipoensis (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). Our results showed that intercolonial aggressiveness was not affected by previous exposure to allocolonial odor and by the consumption of similar food resources. However, individuals previously exposed to allocolonial odor were more attracted to these odors than individuals who had no prior exposure to allocolonial odor. In addition, individuals from colonies of N. aff. coxipoensis that use similar food resources increased alertness via a greater number of vibration than individuals who consumed different food resources. In general, our results indicate that colonies of N. aff coxipoensis perceive allocolonial cues that have been previously exposed and that the consumption of similar resources triggers an alert signal between individuals. Additional studies are necessary to assess how widespread this capacity of perception is present among the different Isoptera groups and the consequences of colony recognition odor cues on termite space use.
A hybrid drying process based on the application of infrared (IR) radiation combined to non-heated air flow was proposed for bee-pollen drying. The IR source was located at a distance of 32 cm from the samples. Experiments in the hybrid dryer were conducted with pollen grains arranged in a single layer and exposed to three radiation intensity levels (150, 300 and 450 W/m2) and three air velocity levels (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 m/s) at 25°C. The surface temperature of the material was measured during drying through an optical pyrometer. The effects of the process parameters on the drying kinetics and specific energy consumption were evaluated. Experimental results showed that for any particular air velocity increasing IR heat flux led to an intensification of mass transfer rate, decreasing drying time and thus reducing energy consumption. Minimum energy consumption in hybrid frying of pollen was associated with the application of the highest radiation intensity and lowest air velocity. It was also found that cooling effect increased with air velocity, which resulted in a decreased driving force for mass transfer and increased drying time and energy consumption.
ResumoNo plano mundial, as necessidades de formação assumem um papel chave imprescindível na melhoria da aprendizagem para o trabalho. Com o progresso e a instabilidade dos mercados, os contextos de trabalho necessitam de um desempenho excelente nos seus negócios, onde a capacitação de profissionais assume um posicionamento estratégico no desenvolvimento dos sistemas que os sustentam, uma vez que os objetivos das organizações se atingem através das pessoas, os agentes estratégicos de transformação. Neste artigo pretende-se compreender o que mais se transforma e o que mais transforma as necessidades de formação e que efeitos produzem na mobilidade para o trabalho. Palavras Chave: necessidades de formação; gestão do tempo; mobilidade para o trabalho. AbstractWorldwide, the needs of training assume a crucial role in the improvement of the learning process of work. With the progress and instability of markets, the working context needs to develop an amazing performance in their business, where the qualification of professionals assumes a strategic position in the development of sistems that suport them. In this article we want to understand what transforms the most the needs of training and what effects they make in the mobility for work. Keywords: needs of training; time management; mobility for work.Introdução O ser humano, ao longo da sua existencia, depara-se com situações-problema, a partir dos quais vai evoluindo como pessoa. O tema desenvolvido ao longo deste relatório envolve a formação neste processo de desenvolvimento humano e pessoal enquanto estratégia de resposta à evolução do mercado de trabalho cada vez mais exigente e complexo. De acordo com o manual do formador, o mercado de emprego é global e exigente, referindo que o "mercado de emprego é cada vez mais global e tenderá a ser mais exigente nas qualificações profissionais dos individuos. A formação profissional contínua e a certificação das qualificações representam fatores determinantes para o desenvolvimento dos países da EU e são desafios complexos" 1 que obrigam a um reajuste no entendimento da aprendizagem ao longo da 1 http://formacao.fikaki.com/manual/formador-contexto/mercado-empr ego/ acedido em 15/01/2017 vida e no processo de aquisição e na melhoria de competências humanas, sociais e profissionais. Esta nova perceção de trabalho e formação, onde a articulação destes dois contextos é atualmente indissociável, levando-nos à exploração destes conceitos, de modo a interpretar a necessidade de cada vez mais se incluir o processo formativo no desenvolvimento económico e no desenvolvimento do capital humano. Nesta perspectiva, espera-se que os profissionais sejam cada vez mais qualificados nos saberes teóricos, práticos e especializados, pelo que será expetável que a formação desenvolva um conjunto de ferramentas pedagógicas que incentivem e motivem para o processo de aprendizagem, no sentido de desenvolver e melhorar competências fundamentais para as atuais necessidades dos mercados. Por outro lado, num tempo em que assistimos a uma "naturaliza...
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