This recidivism study retrospectively examined the juvenile court case records of 170 first-time juvenile sexual offenders in a 5-year observation period. Cox regression, a model of event history analysis, was used to test hypotheses and to build multivariate competing risk models predictive of criminal recidivism. The multivariate analyses found that nonsexual offense recidivism was significantly (p < .01) associated with (a) prior nonsexual offenses and (b) failure to complete treatment. Sexual offense recidivism was significantly associated with larger numbers of female victims, but results were inconclusive due to the small size (n = 13) of the sexual reoffending sample.

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The authors delineate five precursors that lead to vulnerability to acting out sexually in children who have been victimized. Fielhor's preconditions for sexual perpetration are reviewed and applied to work with sexually reactive children ages 4-12. The authors present h e "Trauma Outcome Process" as an approach differentiating responses to trauma as self-victimizing. assaultive, andlor healthy coping. This article stresses that victims of sexual abuse make choices in their emotional and behavioral responses to trauma. This approach has implications for treatment.There have been several attempts in recent literature to describe the motivation by which children and adolescents sexually victimize other children. Lane and Zamora (1984) were the fust to present a "Sexual As-

Recent empirical research has shown that children with sexual behavior problems and adolescents who offend sexually are diverse populations consisting of several subtypes (Hall, Mathews, & Pearce, 2002; Pithers, Gray, Busconi, & Houchens, 1998; Worling, 2001). This article reviews the descriptive and empirical research related to identifying subtypes of children with sexual behavior problems and adolescents who offend sexually. Examples of clinically and empirically derived typologies are presented. The author discusses how data from the empirically derived typologies can be incorporated within a multidimensional assessment framework based on the Trauma Outcome Process model (Burton, Rasmussen, Bradshaw, Christopherson, & Huke, 1998; Rasmussen, Burton, & Christopherson, 1992; Rasmussen, 1999, 2001, 2002). The application of this framework in assessing and treating children with sexual behavior problems and adolescents who offend sexually is described.

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