Analiza notranje strukture slovenskega prevoda Lestvice vezi med nosečnico in plodom (PAI)Lucija Pavše * , Nataša Tul in Vislava Velikonja Klinični oddelek za perinatologijo, Ginekološka klinika, Univerzitetni klinični center LjubljanaPovzetek: Vez med nosečnico in plodom (angl. maternal-fetal attachment) lahko opredelimo s čustvi, vedenji, zaznavami in mišljenjem, ki jih bodoča mati izraža do ploda. Različne vidike vezi med nosečnico in plodom merijo številne samoocenjevalne lestvice. Namen raziskave je bil analizirati notranjo strukturo in zanesljivost slovenskega prevoda Lestvice vezi med nosečnico in plodom (PAI, Prenatal Attachment Inventory;Müller, 1993). V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 619 nosečnic v drugem trimesečju nosečnosti, ki so imele zdravniški pregled v Porodnišnici Ljubljana, Ginekološka klinika, UKC Ljubljana. Nosečnice so izpolnile samoocenjevalno lestvico PAI ter vprašalnik o sociodemografskih spremenljivkah. Konfirmatorna faktorska analiza je pokazala nekoliko boljše prileganje trifaktorskega modela v primerjavi z enofaktorskim modelom, vendar smo se upoštevajoč visoke korelacije med tremi faktorji ter teoretično in empirično utemeljene enofaktorske rešitve iz preteklih raziskav odločili za enofaktorsko strukturo lestvice PAI. Tudi z vidika zanesljivosti je lestvica PAI ustrezen pripomoček za ocenjevanje intenzivnosti vezi med nosečnico in plodom in se lahko uporablja v raziskovalne namene. Ključne besede: Lestvica vezi med nosečnico in plodom (PAI), konfirmatorna faktorska analiza, zanesljivost, sestava testaAbstract: A phrase maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is used to describe a variety of emotions, behaviours, perceptions and cognitions of pregnant woman toward her unborn child. Several scales have been developed for measuring different aspects of MFA. The purpose of this study was to analyse the internal structure and reliability of the Slovenian version of Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI; Müller, 1993). PAI and a sociodemographic questionnaire were administered to a sample of 619 pregnant women in their second trimester of pregnancy, recruited from Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Ljubljana. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a three-factor solution had better fit to the data than a one-factor solution. However, we decided to keep a more parsimonious onefactor solution as there was high overlap between factors in the three-factor solution. We also considered the theoretical background of the PAI and previous studies of its underlying structure. Results showed good reliability of the PAI. PAI is a psychometrically appropriate instrument for use in research setting.
, Nataša Tul Mandić in Vislava Globevnik Velikonja Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Ginekološka klinika, Klinični oddelek za perinatologijo Povzetek: Vez med materjo in otrokom se začne vzpostavljati že pred rojstvom, se z napredovanjem nosečnosti krepi in je povezana s kvaliteto odnosa med materjo in otrokom po porodu. Kljub temu, da številni avtorji za opisovanje vedenj, čustev in zaznav, ki jih bodoča mati izraža do nerojenega otroka, uporabljajo izraz navezanost med materjo in plodom ali prenatalna navezanost, uporaba tega pojma ni ustrezna. Če upoštevamo Bowlbyevo in Ainsworthovo teorijo navezanosti, potem lahko odnos med materjo in nerojenim otrokom opišemo z vedenjskim sistemom skrbi. Namen prispevka je predstaviti dileme glede ustrezne terminologije, različne definicije, ocenjevalne lestvice ter dejavnike, ki so povezani z razvojem vezi med nosečnico in plodom. Ker je kvaliteta tega odnosa napovedni dejavnik številnih izidov za mati in otroka po porodu, morajo biti cilji prihodnjih raziskav usmerjeni v natančnejšo konceptualizacijo in definicijo pojma, v razvoj ustreznih merskih instrumentov ter v raziskovanje napovednih dejavnikov in dejavnikov tveganja. Abstract: The bond between a mother and a child starts to develop before birth, increases with the gestational age of the child and is related to the quality of postpartum mother-infant interaction. Even though the expression maternal-fetal or prenatal attachment is commonly used to describe the parent's emotions, behaviors and perceptions that are related to the fetus, its use seems to be unsuitable. Considering Bowlby's and Ainsworth's theory of attachment, the relationship between mother and her unborn child is guided by the caregiving system. The purpose of this article is to lay out the dilemmas about the terminology, to present different definitions, measurements and variables, related to the relationship between the mother and her fetus. This relationship is a predictor of various maternal and child outcomes postnatally, which is why the goals of future investigation should be directed towards greater clarity in conceptualization, definition and measurement of the concept, and in exploration of the risks and mediating factors.
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