The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of Hypsolebias radiseriatus larvae to different salinities, and the effects of different prey concentrations and water salinities on the larviculture of this species. Salinity tolerance was tested by subjecting newly-hatched larvae to 96 hours of osmotic shock testing (experiment I) and gradual acclimatization (experiment II) of the following salinities: freshwater (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g of salt L-1. A third experiment (experiment III) evaluated three water salinities (S0 - freshwater, S2 - 2 g of salt L-1 and S4 – 4 g of salt L-1) and three initial daily prey concentrations (100, 300 and 500 artemia nauplii larva-1). In experiments I and II, survival was only influenced by the salinity of 8 g of salt L-1 (p < 0.01). After 35 days, weight was only influenced by prey concentration (p < 0.05), with the highest value being with 500 artemia nauplii larva-1. The lowest survival was for 4 g of salt L-1 and for 100 artemia nauplii larva-1. H. radiseriatus larviculture can be carried out in salinity of up to 2 g of salt L-1 and initial daily prey concentrations with 500 artemia nauplii larva-1.
Killifish is the name given to a group of fish, usually measuring between 3 and 7 cm, that belong to the order Cyprinodontiformes and which present a great diversity of colours and shapes, a fact that has aroused interest in the ornamental sector. Currently, there are fish houses around the world that specialize exclusively in the breeding and reproduction of these species. In addition, killifish have been of scientific interest for several reasons, including their diversity and particular biological characteristics (Costa, 2003).According to studies by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio, 2013), more than 320 species of killifish have been catalogued in South America alone between Mexico and Argentina. However, some of these species have been suffering from anthropic actions, such as disordered urban expansion, implementation of enterprises and agrosilvopastoral activities. Indeed, according to normative instruction No. 5 of the Ministério do Meio Ambiente, 21 May 2004, 52 species of rivulids are already threatened with extinction in Brazil, which has led authorities to put together an action plan to preserve killifish species.
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