ResumoFábricas de chapas de fibra de madeira reconstituída (hardboards) transformam eucalipto em chapas retangulares por meio de processos de desagregação, prensagem e secagem. Estas chapas são então cortadas em chapas retangulares menores para atender às demandas de clientes. A programação do processo de corte é uma atividade importante no planejamento e controle da produção dessas empresas devido aos altos custos envolvidos com as perdas do material cortado. Neste artigo apresentamos abordagens para gerar padrões de corte que minimizem as perdas de material, satisfazendo as restrições dos equipamentos de corte e a demanda dos clientes. Propomos um algoritmo baseado em programação dinâmica, que pode ser combinado com simples heurísticas construtivas gulosas ou com o algoritmo primal simplex com geração de colunas. Um estudo de caso foi realizado em uma grande empresa do setor, localizada no interior de São Paulo, cujo processo de corte envolve uma tecnologia com alto nível de automação. Os resultados mostram que as abordagens têm potencial para gerar boas soluções comparadas com as utilizadas pela empresa.Palavras-chave: problemas de corte; programação dinâmica; indústria de hardboard. AbstractHardboard factories transform eucalyptus into rectangular plates by means of processes of disintegration, pressing and drying. These plates are then cut into smaller rectangular plates to satisfy customer demands. The scheduling of the cutting process is an important activity of the production planning and control of these companies due to the high costs related to trim losses. In this paper we present approaches to generate cutting patterns that minimize the waste of material, satisfying the constraints of the cutting equipment and the customer demands. We propose an algorithm based on dynamic programming, which can be combined with simple greedy constructive heuristics or the simplex primal algorithm with column generation. A case study was carried out in a large hardboard company located in Sao Paulo State, whose cutting process involves a technology with high degree of automation. The results show that the approaches have potential to produce good solutions compared to the ones utilized by the company.
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