Phase angle seems to be a good indicator for mortality in many clinical situations and can be used in screening individuals prone to this outcome.

ResumoTrata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, com população configurada como censitária. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Inventário dos Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), a Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), a Versão Brasileira do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-36 e o Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI). Possui o objetivo de avaliar a sobrecarga, a qualidade de vida e a presença de estresse em cuidadores das Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESFs) de Criciúma, no Estado de Santa Catarina. A maior proporção dos cuidadores foram do gênero feminino (90,9%), com idade média de 51,7 (±11,0) Em relação ao grau de parentesco, 45,5% eram filhos(as), e a MIF Global dos sujeitos ao qual era dedicado o cuidado foi de 70,2 (±40,1). Entre os cuidadores, 81,8% apresentaram presença de estresse e evidenciaram sobrecarga elevada. Foi observada uma correlação positiva moderada (rs=0,571) entre a MIF Global e Dor (SF-36), considerada estatisticamente significativa (p=0,001). Voltar à atenção aos cuidadores, entendendo as barreiras físicas, sociais e emocionais envolvidas no ato de cuidar, torna-se imprescindível no âmbito da saúde coletiva, tanto para proporcionar maior qualidade de vida e menor sobrecarga nos cuidadores quanto a quem é cuidado.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system (SNC) as well as alterations in oxidative stress. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan on memory and oxidative stress. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by using a single injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg), and fifteen days after induction, the rats memory was evaluated through the use of the object recognition task. The oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured in the rat brain. The results showed that diabetic rats did not have alterations in their recognition memory. However, the results did show that diabetic rats had increases in the levels of superoxide in the prefrontal cortex, and in thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in the prefrontal cortex and in the amygdala in submitochondrial particles. Also, there was an increase in protein oxidation in the hippocampus and striatum, and in TBARS oxidation in the striatum and amygdala. The SOD activity was decreased in diabetic rats in the striatum and amygdala. However, the CAT activity was increased in the hippocampus taken from diabetic rats. In conclusion, our findings illustrate that the animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan did not cause alterations in the animals' recognition memory, but it produced oxidants and an imbalance between SOD and CAT activities, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes.

No abstract

This study evaluated the association of mood disorders, suicidal ideation and the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. We used a case-control study employing 996 patients suffering with type 2 diabetes (using insulin for over 1 year), and 2.145 individuals without diabetes. The groups were then used to evaluate the presence of different mood disorders and suicidal ideation, beyond quality of life. In addition to this, fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1C) were also evaluated. The data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-squared test, logistic regression, ANCOVA and Student's t-tests. We showed an association between type 2 diabetes and depressive episodes (adjusted OR = 1.8, CI 95 % 1.7-2.0, p < 0.001), recurrent depressive episodes (adjusted OR = 2.4, CI 95 % 2.2-2.6, p < 0.001), dysthymia (adjusted OR = 5.2, CI 95 % 4.9-5.5, p < 0.001), mood disorder with psychotic symptoms (adjusted OR = 2.5, CI 95 % 1.5-3.4, p < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (adjusted OR = 3.6, CI 95 % 2.5-4.8, p < 0.001, light; adjusted OR = 4.6, CI 95 % 1.5-7.7, p < 0.01, moderate and severe). The recurrent depression (OR = 1.3, CI 95 % 1.1-1.7, p < 0.05) and psychotic symptoms (OR = 4.1, CI 95 % 1.1-15.1, p < 0.05) were associated with higher levels of Hb1C. Dysthymia was associated with high blood glucose (OR = 1.6, CI 95 % 1.1-2.5, p < 0.05). Patients had lower mean scores in the following domains: physical [36.5 (13.6) × 56.0 (4.9), p < 0.001)], psychological [42.6 (8.6) × 47.9 (8.6), p < 0.001] and environmental [40.0 (8.6) × 49.3 (8.3), p < 0.001], but had higher scores in the area of social relations [50.2 (16.9) × 35.7 (27.9), p < 0.001]. The data demonstrated a worse quality of life, a high comorbidity of type 2 DM with depressive disorders and suicidal ideation. In addition, the poor control of DM is associated with the severity of mood disorders.

ResumoCom a valorização da estética dentária, aliada à atual filosofia conservadora da Odontologia, as técnicas de clareamento apresentaram uma evolução clínica considerável. A alteração de cor dental vem sendo um dos problemas estéticos mais procurados pelos pacientes no consultório odontológico. O emprego das técnicas clareadoras caseiras e em consultório, quando corretamente executadas, possibilitam resultados estéticos satisfatórios. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar as técnicas de clareamento dental (caseiro e consultório), por meio de uma revisão narrativa de literatura. Realizou-se uma discussão dos principais procedimentos adotados, comparando-se os efeitos a curto e longo prazo, vantagens, desvantagens e efeitos colaterais. Nesses tratamentos, os principais agentes clareadores utilizados são o peróxido de carbamida e o peróxido de hidrogênio. Disponíveis em diversas concentrações, são responsáveis por promover resultados satisfatórios no branqueamento dos dentes, cabendo ao cirurgião-dentista efetuar uma análise do perfil do paciente, com vistas à escolha da melhor alternativa de tratamento. Mediante revisão apresentada, ambos os tratamentos foram semelhantes. No entanto, algumas peculiaridades devem ser observadas: para pacientes com sensibilidade dental, o mais indicado é o clareamento caseiro; em pacientes com retração gengival, o mais indicado é o de consultório. Descritores: Clareamento dental • Peróxidos • Peróxido de hidrogênio. AbstractWith the appreciation of aesthetic dentistry, combined with the current conservative philosophy of dentistry, the bleaching techniques had considerable clinical progress. The dental discoloration comes being one of the most popular aesthetic problems by patients in the dental office. The use of at-home and in-office bleaching techniques, when properly executed, enable satisfactory esthetic results. The aim of this study was presenting the tooth bleaching techniques (at-home and in-office), through a literature narrative review. It was held a discussion of the main procedures adopted, by comparing the short-term and long-term effects, advantages, disadvantages and side effects. At these treatments, the main used bleaching agents are carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Available in varying concentrations, are responsible for promoting satisfactory results in whitening teeth, leaving the dentist perform an analysis of the patient's profile, with a view to choosing the best alternative treatment. Upon review presented, both treatments were similar. However, some peculiarities must be observed: for patients with tooth sensitivity, the most suitable is the at-home bleaching; in patients with gingival recession, the most suitable is the in-office bleaching.

Both conditions, major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are chronic and disabling diseases that affect a very significant percentage of the world’s population. Studies have been shown that patients with DM are more susceptible to develop depression, when compared to the general population. The opposite also happens; MDD could be a risk factor for DM development. Some mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms involved with these conditions, such as excess of glucocorticoids, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. These processes can lead to an increase in damage to biomolecules and a decrease in antioxidant defense capacity, leading to oxidative stress.

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to pneumonia, individuals affected by the disease have neurological symptoms. Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 has a neuroinvasive capacity. It is known that the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to a cytokine storm. An exacerbated inflammatory state can lead to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage as well as to intestinal dysbiosis. These changes, in turn, are associated with microglial activation and reactivity of astrocytes that can promote the degeneration of neurons and be associated with the development of psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies also have been shown that SARS-CoV-2 alters the composition and functional activity of the gut microbiota. The microbiota-gut-brain axis provides a bidirectional homeostatic communication pathway. Thus, this review focuses on studies that show the relationship between inflammation and the gut microbiota–brain axis in SARS-CoV-2 infection.