The objectives of this study were to (i) review extant literature on the prevalence of abdominal obesity (AO) in adolescents of both sex (10-19 years old); (ii) analyse the cut-off points used for the diagnosis of AO and (iii) compare its prevalence between developed and developing countries. The search was carried out using online databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, SCIELO and BioMed Central), references cited by retrieved articles and by contact with the authors, considering articles published from the establishment of the databanks until 19 October 2009. Only original articles and those using waist circumference in the diagnosis were considered. Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen of these studies were performed in developed countries. The prevalence of AO varied from 3.8% to 51.7% in adolescents from developing countries. The range of results was smaller among developed countries; with values from 8.7% to 33.2%. Eighteen different cut-off points were used. It was concluded the AO prevalence is high among adolescents, but is not clear what sex has a higher proportion and it is greater in adolescents from developing countries; however, there is no consensus in the literature about the criteria to be used.

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Methods A total of 96 households treating water at home, by boiling (n¼15), filtration (n¼6) or sodium hypochlorite solution (SafewatÒ n¼75) in urban slums of Haridwar and Dehradun districts of Uttarakhand were studied. Respondents were administered a pre tested semi-structured interview schedule for identification, measurement and valuation of all the resources involved in these three methods. The mean and 95% CIs of cost of treating ten litres of drinking water were estimated. Results The cost of using Safewat, water filter and boiling was estimated to be INR 1.44[1] (1.29e1.50) INR 1.79 (1.31e2.27) INR 5.82 (5.24e6.40) per ten litres of water treated respectively. The cost of boiling was high because of the cost of fuel (69%) despite a subsidy by the government on the gas. The use of filter required an initial capital investment for. purchase of filter (Approximately INR 500). Safewat solution accounted for 13% of the total cost of treatment by chlorination. Conclusion Assuming similar effectiveness rates, Safewat use appears a more affordable alternative, with little initial investment. This makes a case for promotion, by the physicians, of water chlorination in place of the more costly option of boiling, which has been advocated for long. Introduction In Bangladesh tribal race constitutes <1% and among them Santals is the oldest and largest ethnic group. Data on risk factors of CVDs in Bangladesh, specially from tribal, are virtually nonexistent. The present study was undertaken to explore the anthropometric and clinical risk factors among the Santal in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 316 Santal participants (135 male and 181 female, aged $20 years) were screened through camps from the northwestern part of Bangladesh. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected and OGTT preformed following WHO guidelines. Results The age (M6SD) of the subjects was 39 (611) years, BMI 18.762.8; WHR 0.8560.17. Using BMI for Asian 61.3% found underweight of whom 35%, 12% and 14% were in chronic energy deficiency stage I, II and III respectively; for WHR females were in risk (70%) which not corresponding with male (within range 94%). Among males & females alcohol habits ($3 serves/day) had 93% and 64%; prevalence of hypertension were 15.6% and 7.2%; dyslipidemia 49% and 29% respectively. Males had high (77%) smoking habits. The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among the participants were 4.4% and 11.1%. Hypertension showed significant association with age, chol, LDL and dyslipidemea with BMI, 2HBG and SBP on logistic regression analysis (p<0.05). Conclusion A substantial number of Santals are still suffering from underweight. All kind of RR are less among Santal comparing with the existing increased pattern of CVDs risk in Bangladesh, focussed attention need to reduce smoking and alcohol consumption. SP5-29