Retrospective study that aimed at describing the clinic and socio- demographical characteristics of 141 individuals which were interned in Teaching Hospital of Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil, who were submitted to amputations related to diabetes and compare the number of amputations considering the variables sex, age, co-morbidity, the type of treatment and then associated the number of amputations with the duration of internments and diagnosis. Data were collected from patient health records, totalizing 208 amputations. Major percentage of masculine individuals (58,9%), and a major occurrence of amputation among the elderly (70.2%); the cause: diabetic foot (35.7%); the most of patients (75.0%) went through internment at least twice; most frequent co-morbidity: arterial hypertension (74.0%); median in the number of amputations was two. It was not observed any significant difference between the variables of study.
A limnological investigation involving physical, chemical and biological aspects was undertaken in five tropical upland lakes (Violão À Vl, Amendoim À Am, and Três Irmãs À TI1, TI2 and TI3) from Serra dos Carajás, Brazil. Results show that these lakes are shallow, weakly stratified, and of polymictic type. These characteristics may have caused vertical mixing of limnological parameters. Seasonal changes were minor for most parameters, except for chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and cyanobacteria, which also showed considerable variation between lakes. In general, waters of these lakes were mostly acidic in nature (avg. pH 4.9-5.9), with high total Fe (up to 1.52 mg/L) and low electrolytic conductivity (avg. 8.13-14 mS/cm) and total phosphorus (TP) (avg. 10-35.5 mg/L). Although the water bodies have good quality and classified as class I and II types according to CONAMA Resolution No. 357/05, trophic state index (TSI) varies from ultra-oligotrophic to eutrophic state, with higher trophic state observed for Vl, TI1 and TI2. Limnological characteristics of these lakes is highly influenced by lithological and morphological parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that Chl-a and cyanobacteria are not solely influenced by TP and lower concentrations of all these parameters in Am lake are probably due to specificities of its catchment lithology. Phytoplankton taxa in the lakes are characterized by small chroococcales groups and desmids together with filamentous algae, more commonly observed in the dry season. The zooplankton community in the lakes is mainly dominated by rotifers, followed by cladocerans and copepods. Regarding species richness, zooplankton was highest in Vl, while phytoplankton is highest in TI1, and this aspect is most likely related to lake water levels.
Aim: We evaluated zooplankton resting egg banks and active communities in five coastal lagoons and in five temporary pools, aiming to compare the active and the dormant communities in such environments. As they differ in hydroperiod, we expected that pools present richer resting egg banks in comparison to those found in lagoons. Methods: Zooplankton community was sampled twice in 2006 (lagoons) and in 2010 (pools) and resting egg banks were sampled once in December 2007 (lagoons) and in May 2010 (pools). Resting eggs were isolated from the sediment by applying the sugar flotation method. Results: In opposition to our expectation, species richness in the resting egg banks of pools did not differ from those of lagoons. Additionally, no difference was found between the active and the dormant zooplankton communities in each water body for both temporary and permanent environments. However, similarity between active and dormant communities was greater in permanent environments than it was in temporary environments. Conclusions: It seems that the diapause strategy observed in certain tropical zooplankton populations cannot be predicted based on the awareness of the environment type (permanent or temporary), since hatching cues may be species-specific.
Aim:In this study we tested the effects of drying or refrigerating (4 °C) cladoceran resting eggs from a tropical aquatic system on the hatching rates and time to hatching, in order to determine what conditions should or should not be applied to break dormancy in tropical cladocerans; Methods: Resting eggs from two cladoceran species were isolated from the sediment of a coastal lagoon and exposed to drying conditions or low temperatures for four months before incubation under control conditions; Results: For Moina micrura, drying as well as refrigerating eggs reduced the proportion of eggs hatched, but refrigeration also reduced the time to hatching. For Diaphanosoma birgei, refrigeration had no effects either in the proportion of eggs hatched or in time to hatching. Drying resting eggs of D. birgei resulted in no hatchlings after re-hydration; Conclusions: Our results indicate that the pre-exposure of tropical cladoceran resting eggs to low temperatures might not be necessary to break dormancy. Additionally, cooling might even reduce the hatching rates of some species. We suggest that tropical cladoceran resting eggs might be incubated soon after sampling the sediment or, if a period for breaking dormancy is required, they should be better kept under dark and at room temperature conditions. Keywords: hatching rate, dormancy, resting eggs, Cladocera, tropical zooplankton.Resumo: Objetivo: Nesse estudo foram testados os efeitos da secagem ou resfriamento (4 °C) dos ovos de resistência de cladóceros de um sistema aquático tropical sobre as taxas de eclosão e o tempo para eclosão, com o objetivo de determinar quais procedimentos devem ou não ser aplicados para quebrar a dormência de cladóceros oriundos de regiões tropicais; Métodos: Os ovos de resistência de duas espécies de cladóceros foram isolados do sedimento de uma lagoa costeira e secados sob temperatura ambiente ou expostos à baixas temperaturas por quatro meses antes da incubação nas condições de controle; Resultados: Para Moina micrura, tanto a secagem quanto o resfriamento reduziram a proporção de ovos eclodidos, mas a pré-exposição à baixa temperatura também reduziu o tempo para a eclosão. Para Diaphanosoma birgei, o resfriamento não teve efeitos na taxa e no tempo para eclosão. Nenhum dos ovos de D. birgei secos eclodiu após a reidratação; Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que a pré-exposição de ovos de resistência de cladóceros tropicais a baixas temperaturas não deve ser necessária para quebrar a dormência. Além disso, o resfriamento pode até mesmo reduzir a taxa de eclosão de algumas espécies. Sugere-se que os ovos de resistência de cladóceros tropicais podem ser incubados logo após a amostragem do sedimento ou, se um período para quebrar a dormência for necessário, os ovos devem ser mantidos preferencialmente no escuro e em temperatura ambiente.Palavras-chave: taxa de eclosão, dormência, ovos de resistência, Cladocera, zooplâncton tropical.
Sporotrichosis is a human and animal disease caused by dimorphic pathogenic species of the genus Sporothrix. We report a dramatic presentation of Sporothrix brasiliensis infection, with destruction of the nasal septum, soft palate, and uvula of an HIV-infected woman. She was successfully treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate followed by itraconazole. Sporotrichosis remains a neglected opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS and awareness of this potentially fatal infection is of utmost importance.
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