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Survival, growth and proximal body composition of juvenile Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes) were examined at two dissolved oxygen concentrations (mean 5.8 and 2.6 mg L−1) and three temperatures (19 °C, 23 °C and 27 °C) for 50 days. Three replicate experiments were performed with a 12 h light/dark photoperiod. Survival was 68–85% at the lower dissolved oxygen level and 77–82% at the higher level and was not significantly affected by the treatments (P > 0.01). Growth at the lower oxygen concentration was significantly less (P < 0.01) than at the higher concentration, with growth rates of 2, 12 and 24 mg day−1 from the lowest to the highest temperature and 4, 17 and 26 mg day−1 for the three temperatures at the higher dissolved oxygen level. Body lipids were 1.2% wt/wt at the higher temperature and 2.1% wt/wt at the lower temperature, while proteins were 15.1% wt/wt at the higher temperature and 12.5% wt/wt at the lower temperature. These results indicate that low oxygen levels and low temperature significantly depress growth at this particular stage of life.