The aim of this article is to explore normative beliefs (descriptive, injunctive, personal, subjective), rootedness (desire for change, home/family satisfaction) and their interactions in relation to emigration intentions among university students. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the data obtained from 375 Slovak university students (75.5% females, mean age 22.9, SD=3.0). The analysis showed that personal normative beliefs and desire for change were significantly positively associated with emigration intentions. A subjective normative belief about friends, a descriptive normative belief about family, a descriptive normative belief about students, and home/family satisfaction contributed to the probability of having emigration intentions only among females. The interaction analysis showed that a lower level of a personal normative belief among females and males, a descriptive normative belief about family among females and a subjective normative belief about friends among females increased the probability of not having emigration intentions, especially among those with a lower level of desire for change. These findings could help to understand the possibilities for preventing ‘brain drain’, especially regarding its psychological aspects.
Background Previous research has shown that one of the strongest predictor of smoking and alcohol consumption in early adolescence is perceived parental approval of such behaviour. The aim of the present study is to explore which parenting practices predict the probability of perceiving parental disapproval of smoking and alcohol consumption in adolescence. Methods A representative sample of 1133 early adolescents (mean age = 12.9, SD 0.77) filled in questionnaires including sociodemographic characteristics (3 items), perceived parental risk behaviour (alcohol consumption at least once a week, drunkenness once a month and daily smoking); substance specific conversations with parents (1 item); both emotional and controlling aspects of parenting (6 items), and perceived parental disapproval of adolescents’ smoking and alcohol consumption as dependent variables. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results The most important predictor of perceived parental disapproval of alcohol use was behavioural control (setting rules) (OR 2.34), followed by parental non-drinking (OR 1.81) and alcohol specific communication (OR 1.28). Regarding smoking disapproval, the significant predictors were parental non-smoking (OR 1.92); behavioural control (OR 1.79); time spent with a child (OR 1.44) and lower psychological control (guild induction, pressuring, manipulation) (OR 0.69). Conclusions Decreasing adolescents’ substance use via increasing their perceived parental disapproval of such behaviour seems to be substance specific. The most salient strategy both for smoking and drinking seems to be the use of behavioural control characterized by clear rules setting and lack of parental own substance use. Key messages Decreasing adolescents’ substance use via increasing their perceived parental disapproval of such behaviour seems to be substance specific. The most salient strategy to increase perceived parental disapproval of smoking and alcohol consumption seems to be the use of behavioural control characterized by clear rules setting.
Background The drive for thinness (DFT), an indicator of disordered eating, is strongly predicted by body dissatisfaction (BD). In early adolescence, there are other predictors of DFT which rise from the mother-child relationship such as maternal psychological control (PC) and the motheŕs pressure on the child's body image (MP). The explanation of DFT by the child's self-perception of BD and PC as well as the mother’s perception of MP among early-adolescent boys and girls has great importance for public health and is therefore the aim of this study. Methods The research sample consisted of 191 Slovak adolescents (53.4% of girls, Mage=12.54, SD = 0.58) who completed the Children’s Body Image Scale, DFT subscale of Eating Disorders Inventory, Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report; and their mothers (Mage=40.45, SD = 4.71) who completed the Parental Influence Subscale. Structural equation modelling was performed. Results A hypothesized model was tested to explain DFT by PC and BD, associated with four sources of MP. The tested model did not fit the data well enough. A modified model, where three insignificant sources of MP were excluded, fitted the data well (SRMR=.06, CFI=.95, RMSEA=.04, PCLOSE=.74) and explained 22% of the variance in DFT. The model was statistically equivalent for both genders. DFT was associated with BD (β=.42; <.001), PC (β=.2; <.05) and indirectly with the source of MP - child's body image preoccupation (CBI) (β=.15; <.05), through BD. CBI was associated with BD (β=.27; <.05). Conclusions The results point to the importance of BD, PC and CBI - a factor reflecting motheŕs direct pressure on the child's body image, in explaining DFT among early adolescent boys and girls. Other sources of MP (reflecting the motheŕs concern about her own body image) were not significant in this context. BD and disordered eating prevention strategies for adolescents indicate a respectful mother-child relationship, avoiding pressure and control. Key messages A motheŕs direct pressure on child's body image, psychological control and body dissatisfaction are significant in explaining the drive for thinness among early adolescents. Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating prevention strategies for adolescents indicate a respectful mother–child relationship, avoiding pushing a child to think, feel, or act as the mother wants.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.