The Sematophyllaceae s.l. (Sematophyllaceae + Pylaisiadelphaceae) is a family of pleurocarpous mosses that is widely distributed throughout the globe, with centers of diversity in tropical forests. The circumscriptions of the family and its genera have been unstable, due to reductions in morphological complexity and alternative weightings of discrete morphological traits. Based on a sample spanning much of the generic diversity of the family, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships within the Sematophyllaceae s.l. from the variation in eight molecular markers from all three genomes (nuclear, mitochondrial, chloroplast). The Sematophyllaceae s.l. was resolved as monophyletic, as was the Sematophyllaceae s.str.; whereas the Pylaisiadelphaceae was found to be paraphyletic, although its monophyly could not be rejected. The morphological definition of the Pylaisiadelphaceae remains dubious, in the absence of unambiguous synapomorphies. The relationships of the clades of Pylaisiadelphaceae and Sematophyllaceae are discussed with respect to the circumscription of morphogenera, with a focus on the Sematophyllaceae crown clade (Aptychopsis, Chionostomum, Colobodontium, Donnellia, Macrohymenium, Paranapiacabaea, Pterogoniopsis, Rhaphidorrhynchium, Schroeterella, Sematophyllum, Warburgiella). Most genera of Sematophyllaceae were resolved as polyphyletic (e.g., Acroporium, Donnellia, Schroeterella, Sematophyllum, Trichosteleum) indicative of severe homoplasy in their putative diagnostic traits. We propose 4 new genera (Brittonodoxa, Microcalpe, Pocsia, Vitalia) and 19 new
RESUMENFueron estudiadas las hojas de 18 especies de Lauraceae que crecen en el Distrito Federal (Brasil), con el objetivo de caracterizar sus patrones de venación e identifi car características útiles en su diferenciación taxonómica, para que junto a su morfología se puedan obtener criterios útiles que ayuden en su identifi cación vegetativa. Las hojas fueron diafanizadas, coloreadas y fotografi adas. Los patrones de venación del segundo, tercero, cuarto y quinto orden fueron descritos e ilustrados para las especies estudiadas, que presentaron una venación secundaria de tipo broquidódroma o eucamptódromo-broquidódroma, excepto en Crytocarya aschersoniana y Ocotea aciphylla con venación broquidódroma promínula reticulada. La densidad de areolas se mostró como un buen carácter taxonómico, lo que no ocurrió con el número de lados que éstas poseen. Fueron propuestos los conceptos de nudos y ramas de las vénulas y criterios para la clasifi cación de sus ramifi caciones. La mayoría de las especies poseen vénulas ramifi cadas. Los caracteres analizados, unidos con los morfológicos tales como tipo de indumento, formas de borde, y presencia y/o ausencia de domacios, posibilitaron la diferenciación de las 18 especies estudiadas, evidenciando la clara importancia de la arquitectura foliar en el reconocimiento taxonómico de especímenes en estado vegetativo. PALABRAS CLAVE:Arquitectura foliar, morfología de las hojas, venación foliar. ABSTRACTLeaves of 18 species of Lauraceae that grow in the Distrito Federal (Brazil) were studied with the goal of characterizing their venation patterns and to identify useful traits in taxonomic differentiation, so that along with their morphology can be achieved concise criteria that help in vegetative identifi cation. The leaves were cleared, stained and photographed. Venation patterns of second, third, fourth and fi fth order were described and illustrated for the studied species, which showed brochidodromous or eucamptodromous-brochidodromous secondary venation pattern, except Cryptocarya aschersoniana and Ocotea aciphylla that presented brochidodromous prominulous-reticulate venation. Areole density was found to be a good taxonomic character, which did not happen with the number of sides that they have. The concepts of the venule nodes and branches and the criteria for the classifi cation of its branches were proposed. Most species have branched venules. The analyzed characters together with the morphological ones, such as margin shape and presence or absence of domatia, allowed the differentiation of the studied species, demonstrating the clear importance of leaf architecture in the taxonomic recognition of specimens in a vegetative state.
RESUMO: (Composição florística e fitossociologia do componente arbóreo das florestas ciliares da Bacia do Rio Tibagi. 3. Fazenda Bom Sucesso. Município de Sapopema. PR.). Foi estudada a composição florística e fitossociologia de lha de floresta ciliar, localizada às margens do rio Tibagi, no município de Sapopema, PRo (24° OI 'S e 50° 41 'W) e780mde altitude. Para tanto, foi demarcada uma parcela de 100XIOOm subdividida em 100 subparcelas contíguas de 10XlOm, utilizando como critério de inclusão um DAP llÚnimo de 5cm. Foram amostrados 1560 indivíduos reunidos em 41 famílias, 82 gêneros e 125 espécies. O índice de diversidade (Shannon-Weaner) foi de H'=4,2. As espécies mais importantes no levantamento foram Anadenanthera colubrina, Casearia sylvestris, Luehea divaricata, Esenbeckia febrifuga e Parapiptadenia rigida. As famílias com maior número de indivíduos amostrados foram Fabaceae (214) e Myrtaceae (209), tendo esta apresentado o maior número de espécies (18).Palavras-chave: Florística, fitossociologia, floresta ciliar, norte do Paraná, rio Tibagi.ABSTRACT: (Floristic composition and phytosociology oftree component ofthe riverine forest of bank of Tibagi river. 3. Bom Sucesso farm, Sapopema county, Pr.) It was studied in this paper the floristic composition and the phytosociology of lha of riverine forest, placed at Tibagi riversides, in Sapopema County, PR (24°01'S, 50°41 'W), 780m above sea leveI. For such purpose, a 100 X 100m plot was divided in 100 of the IOX I Om contiguous subplots, using a DBH greater or equal to 5cm. 1560 specimens were sampled, gathered in 41 families , 82 genera and 125 species. The I Parte do projeto "Aspecto da Fauna e Flora da Bacia do Rio Tibagi".
The floristic and ecological aspects of the tree vegetation of a remnant forest in the Godoy Forest State Park were studied. Two hundred and six native species of the region occur in the park. Comments on ecological aspects, such as dispersion, structure of vegetation and succession of these species, are provided. An analysis of the ecological parameters indicated that the occurrence of late secondary and climax species (55.8%) was greater than that of pioneer (6.8%) and early secondary species (34.5%). This seems to indicate a predominant dependence of biotic factors on the abiotic factors and an advanced stage of succession.
Campomanesia cavalcantina Soares-Silva & Proença and Psidium ratterianum Proença & Soares-Silva (Myrtaceae), two new species from the Brazilian highlands are described and illustrated. Campomanesia cavalcantina is similar to Campomanesia eugenioides (Cambess.) D. Legrand var. eugenioides, but differs from this species in being an hemixyle, by the narrow to broadly elliptic-falcate leaves 1.7 -4.6 times as long as wide with 8 -15 lateral veins, by the less densely glandular leaves and flowers, and by the lanceolate, c. 7 mm long bracteoles which are persistent to young fruit stage. Psidium ratterianum appears to be most closely allied to P. australe Cambess. Both species share the hemixyle habit, similar leaf shape, leaf ratio and floral morphology. P. ratterianum differs from that species by its narrow, ascendant, strongly bullate leaves, bracteoles which are persistent in the fruit, expanded, funnel-shaped stigma and smaller, elliptic fruits. Anatomically, Psidium ratterianum differs from other species of Psidium, and from other new-world Myrtaceae (Tribe Myrteae), in that the leaves are amphistomatic, a character known to occur in the Australian genus Leptospermum.Resumo. Campomanesia cavalcantina Soares-Silva & Proença e Psidium ratterianum Proença & Soares-Silva (Myrtaceae), duas novas espécies do planalto central são descritas. Campomanesia cavalcantina é similar a Campomanesia eugenioides var. eugenioides (Cambess.) D. Legrand. Difere daquela espécie por ser um subarbusto recurrente com folhas estreito a largo elíptico-falcadas, 1,7 -4,6 vezes mais longas do que largas, pelos 8 -15 pares de nervuras secundárias, folhas e flores não fortemente glandulares e bractéolas laminares, estreito-elípticas com c. 7 mm comp. que persistem até a frutificação. Psidium ratterianum parece ser aparentada a P. australe Cambess. Ambas compartilham hábito subarbustivo xilopodífero, formato de folha, razão foliar e morfologia floral. P. ratterianum difere daquela espécie pelas suas folhas ascendentes, fortemente buladas, bractéolas persistentes nos frutos, estigma expandido, infundibuliforme e frutos menores, elípticos. Anatomicamente, Psidium ratterianum difere das espécies previamente estudadas de Psidium, e das outras espécies de Myrtaceae do Novo Mundo (Tribo Myrteae) pelas folhas anfiestomáticas, caráter conhecido apenas no gênero australiano Leptospermum.
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