r e S u m e n En este artículo, se parte de la consideración de que cualquier interrogación sobre las condiciones de posibilidad de una investigación crítica debe hacerse teniendo en cuenta el proceso de mercantilización del conocimiento, impulsado por la incorporación de los modos de gubernamentalidad neoliberal en la universidad. Proceso este que redefine el valor y el uso que se le da al conocimiento producido y redefine también las subjetividades de los colectivos universitarios: formas de entender el conocimiento y configuraciones subjetivas que promueven modos instrumentales de relacionarse con el conocimiento en un escenario individualizador y competitivo. Por ello, se considera políticamente relevante llevar a cabo un análisis genealógico de esta forma singular de relación con el conocimiento, que muestre su carácter contingente señalando los discursos y prácticas que lo configuran y sostienen. Esta genealogía permitirá explorar las sujeciones que imposibilitan una producción de conocimientos críticos, así como desnaturalizar su carácter de evidencia.Palabras clave neoliberalismo; subjetividad; gubernamentalidad; genealogía; conocimiento; crítica a B S t r a c t This article claims that any questioning of the conditions related to the feasibility of critical research projects needs to be done by taking into account the process of commodification of knowledge that has developed in universities due to the incorporation of the modes of neoliberal governmentality. This is a process which redefines the value and use that we give to produced knowledge as well as the subjectivity of university collectives. The way knowledge is understood and the subjective configurations that promote instrumental ways of relating to knowledge in an individualizing and competitive environment need to be taken into account. Therefore, we consider it politically relevant to carry out a genealogical analysis of this singular way to treat knowledge in order to show its conceivable traits by pointing out the discourses and practices that shape and support this perspective. This genealogy will enable us to explore what makes the production of critical knowledge impossible and distorts its proof-based character when developed in such an environment.
Feminist theory and praxis move in a plural and heterogeneous space. Different views, options and approaches are found within feminism when it comes to defining goals and strategies in political action. These different approaches have produced multiple ways of understanding the role of institutions, the tactics and methods of pressure, the definition of power, etc. They address political psychology as a discipline focused on the interrelationships that occur between political and psychological phenomena. However, from our understanding, the major contribution of feminist criticism is to have revealed the political construction of identity. This process has been accomplished by both theoretical feminism and the women's political movement. Contemporary feminism brings out the view of identity as a problem, leaving behind former theoretical and practical positions in which identity was either controlled or resisted. It also changes the reception of both subjectivity and politics. This shapes new epistemic positions that are meaningful for political psychology: feminism moves the borders between what is and what is not political and strongly questions the psychological 'treatment' of political problems. Here we will attempt to explain these implications. IDENTITY AS A PROBLEM Different approaches within theoretical feminism, all rooted in poststructuralism, have shown that power and subjectivity are not separate entities. They have pointed out that power mechanisms are directly articulated by psychological processes, sensations and pleasures (
RESUMO: Neste artigo partimos de uma concepção do neoliberalismo como tecnologia de governo, isto é, concebemos o neoliberalismo não unicamente como modelo sócio-econômico, mas também como entrelaçado de discursos e práticas que produz efeitos sociais e identitários. A partir desta perspectiva, propomo-nos mostrar, em primeiro lugar, os tipos de subjetividades que configuram as modalidades de governo neoliberais e, em segundo lugar, o papel que jogam as disciplinas psicológicas nessa configuração. Nas tecnologias de governo neoliberais a autonomia pessoal não é a antítese do poder político, mas um elemento fundamental para seu exercício. O neoliberalismo requer sujeitos ativos, auto-responsáveis e "empresários de si próprios" e os discursos e práticas psicológicos participam na elaboração de códigos morais que enfatizam esse ideal de autonomia responsável. Deste ponto de vista, a análise crítica da subjetividade converge com a análise crítica da psicologia. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: identidade; psicologia; tecnologias de governo; neoliberalismo.
This article describes the political practices of a part of the Italian women’s movement that, as of the 1980s, gave way to the sexual difference thought. Through a political analysis of their own experience, which removed any humanist identity assumptions, the women’s movement generated new practices and discourses. With these, women were able to exert self-criticism, and simultaneously to produce new subjectivities articulated around the sexual difference concept. The difference thought helped highlight the limits of institutional policy, renewing the premises of political analysis and redefining the borders of what was deemed to be ‘political’. Intended to foster dialogue with other feminist proposals, the article underlines the situated nature of this political experience and focuses on the method, the political praxis and the process rather than the outcome, the conclusions or the theory
Flexible Subjects: Neo-liberal Rationalities and Education Policy. This article aims to examine training and employment programmes for the young (more specifically, the Spanish Social Guarantee Schemes—Programas de Garantía Social) in relation to neoliberal political rationalities. We believe the introduction of neoliberal policies to have been greater and faster precisely in the periphery of the educational system. To that end, we intend to make teachers' participation in the operation of the policies conceptually visible. The professionals’ discourse about the socio-labour integration of the young –a discourse that legitimises their daily work – will be analysed on the basis of qualitative materials from in-depth interviews. This analysis allows us to: 1) show the new ways of defining and valuing the teaching activity required and generated by these practical and institutional changes; 2) the analysis evidences some of the effects of the emerging discourses as well as the strategic roles they play in connection with neoliberal governance styles.
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