This paper presents an Adaptive Cross Approximation (ACA) accelerated Isogeometric Boundary Element Method (IGBEM) using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) as shape and interpolation functions. Provided that NURBS are used in CAD programs to describe geometry, mesh generation in the IGBEM is no longer necessary.For large and complex models the traditional BEM quickly becomes very time and memory consuming. In order to overcome this problem, the use of ACA is considered in this paper. As the NURBS control points are typically located outside the boundary, non-uniform boundary conditions cannot be applied at control points. So, a transformation matrix is used to allow the application of boundary conditions at control points without losing accuracy and, with a special approach, preserving the time and memory advantages of hierarchical matrices provided by the ACA. Two and tree dimensional numerical examples are presented in order to assess the accuracy and feasibility of the method.

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This paper describes an isogeometric analysis of the boundary element method, called IGABEM, applied to anisotropic 2D plane elastic problems. The Lekhnitskii's anisotropic fundamental solution is used and the singular integral terms is regularized. For the weak singularity kernel, the Telles transform is used. On the other hand, in the strong singularity term, the Singularity Subtraction Technique -SST is used. The shape functions used are the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline -NURBS. Thus, the same mathematical representation of Computer Aided Design -CAD is used in the implemented computational code. This avoids the generation of meshes and provides an exact representation of most complex geometries. As a reflection of this isoparametric concept, errors from geometric interpolation are excluded, improving numerical results. Furthermore, to increase the numerical efficiency of the code, the NURBS are decomposed into Bézier curves. To evaluate the accuracy of the formulation, complex problems using high-order isogeometric boundary elements are analyzed. Their results are compared to analytical solutions showing good agreement.

This work presents two fast isogeometric formulations of the Boundary Element Method (BEM) applied to heat conduction problems, one accelerated by Fast Multipole Method (FMM) and other by Hierarchical Matrices. The Fast Multipole Method uses complex variables and expansion of fundamental solutions into Laurant series, while the Hierarchical Matrices are created by low rank CUR approximations from the k−Means clustering technique for geometric sampling. Both use Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) as shape functions. To reduce computational cost and facilitate implementation, NURBS are decomposed into Bézier curves, making the isogeometric formulation very similar to the conventional BEM. A description of the hierarchical structure of the data and the implemented algorithms are presented. Validation is performed by comparing the results of the proposed formulations with those of the conventional BEM formulation. The computational cost of both formulations is analyzed showing the advantages of the proposed formulations for large scale problems.

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Ao professor Éder por, mais uma vez, tornar simples o que antes parecia impossível.Ao professor Wrobel pelos inúmeros ensinamentos. v RESUMO Esta tese propõe formulações do método dos elementos de contorno isogeométricos acelerados pela aproximação cruzada adaptativa. As formulações são desenvolvidas para problemas potenciais e de elasticidade linear, bi e tridimensionais. Na formulação isogemétrica do método dos elementos de contorno, as funções de forma polinomiais são substituídas pelas funções splines racionais não-uniformes (sigla em inglês: NURBS).Uma vez que as NURBS são as funções usadas pelos programas de desenho assistidos por computador para representar as geometrias de figuras planas e sólidas, a discretização do modelo geométrico não é mais necessária. Contudo, por serem matematicamente mais complexas que as funções de forma polinomiais, o uso das NURBS aumenta muito o custo computacional da formulação. Ao se tratar as matrizes de influência do método dos elementos de contorno como matrizes hierárquicas e aproximá-las pelo método de aproximação cruzada adaptativa, o custo computacional é reduzido. Esta redução do custo é tão mais significativa quanto maior forem os tamanhos das matrizes. As formulações desenvolvidas são implementadas e aplicadas na análise de vários exemplos numéricos e seus resultados são comparados com o método dos elementos de contorno com o uso de funções de forma polinomiais.A maior vantagem da formulação proposta é a diminuição do trabalho do engenheiro, uma vez que a etapa de geração da malha que, em problemas de larga escala, é o que demanda mais horas de trabalho é reduzido ou, na melhor das hipóteses, eliminado.

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