Em goiabas, o processo de amadurecimento ocorre de forma acelerada após a colheita, o que gera mudanças rápidas na cor, textura entre otras características, fazendo com que ases mesmas apresentem um período curto de conservação, o que inviabiliza a sua comercialização para determinadas localidades. Para uma manutenção correta da qualidade pós colheita é necessário que a colheita seja feita em estádios adequados de maturação. A colheita precoce impede que o fruto se desenvolva por completo, não adquirindo as características desejadas, enquanto que na colheita tardia, o fruto apresentará uma rápida perda de qualidade, diminuindo assim o seu tempo de vida. Diante do apresentado, o presente trabalho visou avaliar a maturidade da goiaba através de técnicas convencionais e por meio do Biospeckle, que se apresenta como uma técnica de baixo custo e de fácil execução, consistindo na iluminação de um material biológico para obtenção de imagens a serem processadas, obtendo-se a partir das mesmas informações sobre a atividade biológica do material em análise. Foram utilizados frutos de goiabas da variedade vermelha da Tailândia, colhidos em quatro estádios de maturação e realizadas avaliações físico-químicas, de taxa respiratória e de cor da epiderme. Os valores de açúcares (ºBrix), taxa respiratória, relação SST/ATT (sólidos solúveis totais/acidez total titulável) e índice de escurecimento aumentaram conforme avançava os estádios de maturação, enquanto a acidez total titulável diminuiu. As análises realizadas com Biospeckle não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos.
The search for practical eating has been increasing among consumers. Thus, minimally processed (MP) foods, which are fresh, previously cut, washed, sanitized and packed products, may be covered with films so as to keep their quality, reducing the deterioration processes. This paper aimed to evaluate the quality of fresh cut apples covered and uncovered with an edible film, through conventional techniques and through biospeckle which is an alternative method of quality evaluation. That analysis was correlated to methods, such as Hunter L*, a* and b* parameters. Total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), respiration rate and pH, as well as the biospeckle optical technique, were measured through the calculation of the moment of inertia (MI). Apples were sorted into three sets: samples with sodium alginate edible film, samples with pectin edible film and control samples with no film. In optical tests, a diode laser with a wavelength of 632 nm, a digital camcorder, a computer with image processing and statistical software were used. Results showed that both edible films (alginate and pectin) presented lower MI values, indicating the decrease of the biological activity. The conservation of the products observed through the reduction of biological activity promoted by the films keeps the apple quality for a longer period of time. The biospeckle technique can be related to the intensity of the biological activity of the vegetable tissue.
Abstract:The present work aimed to study the treatment with the bioprotector Trichoderma harzianum on maize seeds immediately after treatment and during storage. Maize seeds were analyzed through germination test, vigor tests (cold test, accelerated aging and aerial length), and the viability of the treated seeds was verified through the biospeckle. Seed treatment is recommended because approximately 90% of crops intended for human and animal feeding are seed-propagated. A pathogen present in the seed results in increased diseases in the adult plant, in addition to introducing pathogens in other areas. So the seed treatment can provide better results than chemicals disease control on plants. Bioprotectors have antagonistic fungi that produce metabolites and enzymes that will avoid the proliferation of phytopathogenic fungi. Among the bioprotectors, Trichoderma spp., used for phytosanitary control of seeds, stands out. The tests were carried out with treatment in order to evaluate the physiological potential caused by the treatment with the bioprotector. The biospeckle experimental runs were performed in parallel with the sanitation test. The germination percentages of 93.0%, 87.5%, and 87.5%, respectively, showed that they were all above the minimum requirement for commercialization, which is 85%. Analyzing the vigor and sanitation tests, it was verified that the best treatment was on day zero. Among the seeds analyzed through biospeckle, using the laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) technique, it was possible to identify fungi activity.
The quality of the seeds used for sowing is fundamental for a high productivity and quality of the crop. Therefore, eradicating pathogens is essential for the plant to develop in the best possible way. The eradication of those pathogens can be accomplished by means of treatments that consist of the application of substances to the seeds or by performing physical procedures. Thermotherapy is a physical treatment, in which the seed is exposed to a given thermal energy, such as heated air or steam, and can be highly efficient for controlling those pathogens, in addition to reducing environmental damage and costs. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of thermotherapy in two ways: wet heat (water) and dry heat (water vapor), both at 60 °C, alternating the exposure time to the thermal sources. The treatment with humid heat with a time of exposure of 5 min was the most efficient, since it presented higher germination percentages (83%) and less occurrence of Fusarium sp. (33%). It was observed that the most efficient thermotherapy is in the control of Fusarium, the most aggressive is for the quality of the seed. The quality of the treatments was evaluated through standard methodologies, according to the rules for seed analysis, such as germination and sanitation tests. Biospeckle laser was used to identify the microbial activity in these seeds, through activity maps generated by laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) processing. In this way, the research involving thermotherapy can be done by varying the temperature and the time of exposure to obtain values that considerably reduce the pathogenic agents and preserve the quality, in order to maintain the values of germination and vigor acceptable for commercialization.
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