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Sewage sludge from wastewater treatment contains organic matter and plant nutrients that can play an important role in agricultural production and the maintenance of soil fertility. The present study has aimed to evaluate the degree of humification following sewage sludge application of soil organic matter by laser‐induced fluorescence and humic acids using ultraviolet‐visible fluorescence, and including comparison with Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Sewage sludge applications to the soil caused a decrease in the degree of humification of the soil organic matter and humic acids for both a Typic Eutrorthox (clayey) soil and a Typic Haplorthox (sandy) soil of around 14 and 27%, respectively. This effect is probably due to incorporation of newly formed humic substances from the sewage sludge into the characteristics of less humified material, and to the indigenous soil humic substances. The minor alterations observed in the clay soil probably occurred due to both the greater mineral association, which better stabilized the indigenous soil organic matter, and the higher microbial activity in this soil, which accelerated sewage sludge mineralization. Sewage sludge applications increased the C content for the clay and sandy soils by 7.4 and 15.4 g kg−1, respectively, suggesting a positive effect on these two soils.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate multivariate calibration models to predict total lipids, crude protein, and moisture content in grinded soybean grains using near-infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares (PLS). Three hundred samples of grinded soybean, evaluated in duplicate, were used for reference and spectral measurements. The PLS models for total lipids, crude protein, and moisture were validated by figures of merit for accuracy and precision, respectively, of 0.75 and 0.67 for total lipids, 0.51 and 0.46 for crude protein, and 0.97 and 0.99 for moisture. The PLS models developed for total lipids, crude protein, and moisture can be used as an alternative methodology for the determination of physicochemical parameters, and, therefore, they can be applied in quality control in soybean processing industries.

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Resumo a banana (Musa spp.) é uma das frutas mais consumidas no mundo, e amplamente cultivada no Brasil, porém doenças como as sigatokas, negra e amarela, vêm reduzindo a sua produção. a disponibilização imediata de novas cultivares resistentes às principais doenças é limitada pela propagação convencional. a micropropagação é uma alternativa para a produção de mudas com qualidade fitossanitária e vegetativa, mas apresenta fatores que dificultam sua aplicação como a contaminação por fungos e bactérias, associada à oxidação dos explantes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi adaptar e/ou otimizar as etapas do processo de micropropagação para diferentes cultivares de bananeira, por meio do controle de oxidação, contaminação, e multiplicação de brotos, sendo utilizadas as cultivares Caipira (aaa), BrS Caprichosa (aaaB), Pacovan Ken (aaaB), Preciosa (aaaB), Pv 03-76 (aaaB), Thap maeo (aaB). no estudo foram utilizados o antibiótico sulfato de estreptomicina e o fungicida Opera® (BaSF) visando reduzir a contaminação in vitro provocada por bactérias e fungos, além do anti-oxidante PvP (polivinilpirrolidona) para controlar a oxidação. Houve redução da contaminação com uso do sulfato de estreptomicina à concentração de 100 mg l -1 e da oxidação com PvP a 4 g l -1. na fase de multiplicação de brotos, as cultivares apresentaram médias que variaram de 1,90 a 4,75 brotos/explante. a cultivar caipira (aaa) destacou-se das demais com a maior taxa de multiplicação de brotos após três subcultivos, média de 41,50 brotos por rizoma. PalavRas-Chave: banana, oxidação, contaminação, multiplicação in vitro. Establishment and in vitro multiplication of banana (Musa spp.) cultivars with the use of PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) abstRaCtThe banana (Musa spp) is one of the most consumed fruits in the world and is widely consumed in Brazil, but diseases such as yellow and black sigatoka have been reducing its production. The immediate availability of new cultivars resistant to major diseases is limited by conventional propagation. The micropropagation, is an alternative for the production of seedlings with phytosanitarium and vegetative quality, but presents factors that difficult its application such as contamination by fungi and bacteria, associated with oxidation of the explants. The objective of this work was to adapt and/or optimize the stages of the micropropagation of banana cultivars, through the control of oxidation, contamination, and multiplication of shoots. The cultivars used Caipira (aaa), BrS Caprichosa (aaaB), Pacovan Ken (aaaB), Preciosa (aaaB), Pv 03-76 (aaaB), Thap maeo (aaB) were subjected to different micropropagation stages. in the study we used the streptomycin sulfate antibiotic and fungicide Opera® (BaSF) to reduce contamination in vitro caused by bacteria and fungi, besides the anti-oxidant PvP (polivinilpirrolidona) to control the oxidation. We found contamination reduction with the use of streptomycin sulfate in the concentration of 100 mg l -1 and of oxidation with PvP at 4 g l -1 . at the stage of multiplication of shoots...