RESUMOObjetivo: Validar um modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica, de baixo custo, fácil reprodutibilidade, que mimetizasse características observadas no humano e viabilizasse posteriores proposições terapêuticas. Materiais e métodos: Dezesseis camundongos Swiss receberam dieta padrão (DP) ou dieta hiperlipídica (DH), durante 10 semanas. Resultados: Embora o grupo DP tenha apresentado maior consumo de água (p < 0,01) e ração (p < 0,001), o grupo DH apresentou maior ganho de peso corpóreo (p < 0,5) e aumento de coxins adiposos (p < 0,001), favorecendo maior índice de adiposidade (p < 0,001), glicemia (p < 0,01) e área sob a curva nos testes de tolerância à insulina (p < 0,001) e à glicose (p < 0,01). Conclusão: Validou-se um modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica associada à resistência à ação da insulina e à intolerância à glicose, em um período de 10 semanas. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(5):339-45 Descritores Obesidade; dieta hiperlipídica; resistência à insulina; intolerância à glicose; camundongos ABSTRACTObjective: Validate a model of high-fat diet-induced obesity, of low cost, easy reproducibility, that could express characteristics observed in human, and would enable subsequent therapy proposals. Materials and methods: Sixteen Swiss mice received a standard diet (DP) or high--fat diet (DH) for 10 weeks. Results: Although the DP group had greater water (p < 0.01) and feed (p < 0.001) consumption, the DH group had greater body weight (p < 0.5) and adipose tissue gain (p < 0.001), favoring higher adiposity index (p < 0.001), glucose (p < 0.01), and area under the curve in the insulin (p < 0.001) and glucose (p < 0.01) tolerance tests. Conclusion: A high-fat diet-induced obesity model has been validated, which was also associated with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance after a period of 10 weeks. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(5):339-45
Chrysobalanus icaco L. is a medicinal plant present in the Brazilian coastline and known for its hypoglicemic and antioxidant properties. Here, we assessed the beneficial metabolic effects of the aqueous extract of C. icaco (AECI) leaves in diet-induced obese mice. Swiss mice were fed standard chow (SC used as controls) or high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. After 10 weeks, mice on each diet were divided into two groups with one group used as control while the other group treated with AECI for 4 weeks resulting in four groups of mice: SC; SC treated with AECI (SC + AECI); HFD; and HFD treated with AECI (HFD + AECI). AECI was administered drinking water at about 200 mg/kg. AECI was able to normalize insulin (13,682 ± 1090 vs. 9828 ± 485 AU, P < .05) and fasting blood glucose (192.8 ± 14.2 vs. 132.3 ± 6.4 mg/dL, P < .05) and inhibit weight gain (39 ± 5.7%) and fat storage in liver (72.60 ± 3.83%, P < .0001), despite the high-fat intake. These findings reinforce the use of AECI in hyperglycemia and highlight the potential extract's effect in preventing weight gain and fat accumulation in liver of diet-induced obese mice.
Introduction: In the context of root canal treatments, nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments fracture due to torsional overload or cyclic fatigue. Channels with bends located closer to the channel orifice and channels with double bends (S-shaped channels) have been shown to increase the risk of fatigue failure of rotating instruments. Thus, Yared was the first to report the use and effectiveness of reciprocating motions for rotary files, as he demonstrated that a single reciprocating file was sufficient to replace several files used in continuous rotation. Objective: A concise systematic review was carried out on the main results of clinical studies on the use of reciprocating files, to externalize the scientific evidence of these files to files used in continuous rotations. Methods: The present study followed the model of systematic literature review (PRISMA). The research was carried out from January 2022 to March 2022 and was developed based on Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, and the Cochrane Library. The quality of scientific evidence of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument. The risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 85 articles were found. After the process of analyzing the quality of scientific evidence, 32 articles were selected. After analyzing the risk of bias, 8 recent clinical studies, from 2019 to 2022, were selected to compose this systematic review. Based on the clinical studies presented in the present study, it was evidenced that there is a significant statistical difference in the number of cycles in and out movement and wear time to failure between reciprocating and continuous rotary files. Furthermore, an endodontic treatment combining a single reciprocating file with a single cone showed similar clinical efficacy to treatment with hand file instrumentation and lateral compaction obturation. However, randomized clinical studies have shown that reciprocating instruments have less resistance to cyclic fatigue when operated in canals with curvatures in the coronal and middle thirds when compared with curvatures in the apical thirds.
A cobertura plástica do solo associada ao uso de fertilizantes organominerais exercem influência sobre a agregação do solo e os efeitos desta prática sobre a estabilidade de agregados do solo pode ser estudada por diferentes metodologias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar por métodos qualitativos e quantitativos os agregados de um Argissolo submetido a diferentes práticas de fertilização, com e sem cobertura do solo após o primeiro ano de implantação de cafeeiros. Foram estudadas as seguintes práticas: fertilização organomineral + mulching (OM), fertilização química + mulching (QM), fertilização organomineral (O) e fertilização química (Q), tendo como referência o ambiente nativo. Foram coletadas amostras com estrutura preservada na profundidade de 0,00 - 0,05 m na linha do cafeeiro, em área experimental localizada no município de Bom Sucesso, MG. Nos estudos qualitativos (morfometria), os agregados, da classe de 4,76 - 8 mm, foram analisados por meio de imagens obtidas por um scanner. Pelo software QUANTPORO foram calculadas as variáveis de forma dos agregados: área, perímetro, aspecto, arredondamento, diâmetro de Feret e compacidade. Em seguida, estes agregados foram submetidos aos estudos quantitativos, pelos métodos de tamisamento úmido e sonificação, sendo a agregação mensurada pelos índices diâmetro médio geométrico (DMG) e b/a. As práticas em estudo não promoveram modificações na morfometria dos agregados, mas a análise quantitativa, baseada em índice obtido por sonificação (b/a), demonstrou que a cobertura plástica da superfície do solo associada à fertilização com organomineral (OM) promoveu aumento na estabilidade dos agregados, quando comparado aos tratamentos QM, Q e O.
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