Cada tipo de intoxicação apresenta um perfil de prevenção diferente que depende de variáveis como faixa-etária e sexo para ser eficiente, por isso estudar as características de cada tipo de intoxicação em regiões específicas ajuda na criação de políticas públicas de prevenção. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico de intoxicações exógenas notificadas pelos SUS no estado do Maranhão – Brasil entre os anos 2007 e 2015. Para tanto foram estudas todas as notificações de intoxicação exógenas disponíveis na plataforma DATASUS entre 2007 e 2015. As variáveis idade, sexo, município de notificação, agentes tóxicos e evolução da intoxicação foram estudas nos 2311 casos de intoxicação notificados. Os principais achados desse estudo indicam que os grupos mais acometidos por essas intoxicações são pessoas do sexo feminino, crianças entre 1 e 4 anos e adultos entre 20 e 39 anos. Os medicamentos estão entre os principais causadores de intoxicação exógena. Nos casos que evoluíram para óbito, os raticidas e os agrotóxicos são os mais notificados. Esses dados nos informam de uma atenção especial que precisa ser tomada com substâncias que aparentemente são inofensivas, mas que fazem parte da rotina dos maranhenses. Palavras-chave. Intoxicação exógena. Saúde pública. Agentes tóxicos
Vitiligo is considered a disease characterized by acquired depigmentation, caused by the decrease or absence of melanocytes, causing the appearance of white patches on the skin. This study purposed to evaluate the quality of life of a group of patients with vitiligo in a reference unit in the treatment of the disease. This is an observational and descriptive study of data collection, with a quantitative approach, developed at the Pam-Diamante Medical Specialties and Diagnosis Center located in the city of São Luís / Maranhão. Twenty-seven patients were enrolled, by convenience sample, diagnosed with vitiligo. The data were collected through a questionnaire prepared by the researcher, consisting of 12 questions regarding age, sex, clinical and psychological data. The mean age of the participants was 50.3 ± 17.1 years. The sample consisted mostly of women (74.1%). Most participants reported having problems in accepting the disease (51.9%). All interviewees had their quality of life affected in some way by the disease, were restricted in leisure and social practices among individuals, presenting a variety of negative feelings in relation to vitiligo. Thus, we concluded that the disease has a great impact on the quality of life of patients, affecting the acceptance of the disease, the relationship with people and causing feelings of sadness.
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, leishmanicidal, and cytotoxic potential of metabolites produced by bacteria isolated from rhizosphere soil samples. The bacterium was identified by molecular techniques as Streptomyces kronopolitis. A preliminary screening was carried for the antimicrobial activity of S. kronopolitis, demonstrating activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Corynebacterium diphtheriae ATCC 27010, C. diphtheriae ATCC 27012, and Mycobacterium abscessus, with inhibition halos of sizes 25, 36, 29, and 33 mm, respectively. To obtain secondary metabolites, the bacteria was subjected to submerged fermentation, and the metabolites were extracted using the liquid-liquid method with ethyl acetate. There was a similar MIC for M. abscessus and the two strains of C. diphtherium, reaching a concentration of 0.125 mg/mL, while that of S. aureus was 0.048 mg/mL. Assays for leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity against HEp-2 cells and red blood cells were performed. The metabolite showed IC50 of 9.0 ± 0.9 µg/mL and CC50 of 226.2 µg/ ml. This metabolite does not have hemolytic activity and is more selective for parasites than for mammalian cells, with a selectivity index of 24.85. Thus, the studied metabolite may be a strong candidate for the development of less-toxic drugs to treat diseases caused by pathogens.
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