The Ti02-sensitized photochemical reactions of some alkylbenzenes (ArCH2R; R = H, Me), 1-aryl-2-propanols, and corresponding methyl ethers (ArCH2C(OR")R'CH3; R', R" = H, Me) have been investigated in MeCN, in the presence of Ag2S04, which traps the photogenerated electrons. With ArCH2R, the corresponding radical cations are generated by the photoexcited Ti02 and are then deprotonated to form benzyl radicals; from the latter 1,2-diarylethanes, 3-arylpropanonitriles, and benzylacetamides are obtained as major products. With ArCH2C(OR")R'CH3, the formed radical cations undergo C-C bond cleavage as the only observed route, when Ar = Ph. However, when Ar = 4-MeOPh and R' = H, the radical cation undergoes C-H bond cleavage as the major or exclusive reaction path. These results are compared with those obtained in the corresponding homogeneous photochemical reactions, and their implications with respect to the role of the structure on the side-chain reactivity of aromatic radical cations are discussed.
This study aims to investigate the CO2 sorption capacity of hydrochar, obtained via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Silver fir sawdust was used as a model material. The batch runs went at 200 °C and up to 120 min. The hydrochar was activated with potassium hydroxide impregnation and subsequent thermal treatment (600 °C, 1 h). CO2 capture was assayed using a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process. The morphology and porosity of hydrochar, characterized through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BET-BJH) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, were reported and the sorbent capacity was compared with traditional sorbents. The hydrochar recovered immediately after the warm-up of the HTC reactor had better performances. The Langmuir equilibrium isotherm fits the experimental data satisfactorily. Selectivity tests performed with a model biogas mixture indicated a possible use of hydrochar for sustainable upgrading of biogas to bio-methane. It is conceivably a new, feasible, and promising option for CO2 capture with low cost, environmentally friendly materials.
A new carrot juice production process has been developed to improve the yield of product to values higher than 80%. This result was obtained by properly processing, with consolidated technologies, both the liquid and the solid streams coming from the decanter of a traditional carrot juice industrial plant. In particular, the abovementioned solid stream (waste of the decanter) was further processed by using an aqueous washing stream consisting of the endogenous vegetation water contained in the processed carrots. This stream can be obtained, in the required amount, in a reverse osmosis section which is fed with the liquid stream coming from the decanter of a traditional carrot juice production plant. A special feature of the proposed process is that it uses an endogenous washing vegetation water stream, thus avoiding any kind of contamination of the final product. A detailed description of the washing and the reverse osmosis section, the values of the corresponding operating parameters, and validation of the results obtained by calculation were reported and discussed.
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