The dynamics of the adsorption process in the fixed-bed column was experimentally studied on the example of the system natural zeolite - water solution of copper salt with low concentrations, which are characteristic for wastewater treatment processes from toxic contaminants. The initial curves of the adsorption process for the height of the sorbent layer of 5 and 7 cm were constructed. The equilibrium of such processes can be described by Henry's linear equation. The adsorption process in the layer consists of two stages, which are examined in the study. The first stage is the formation of concentration front and the second one – its moving. The sum of the time of the first and second stages is the total adsorption time, which is determined before breakthrough time. The first stage of adsorption is mathematically formulated by the differential equation of molecular diffusion with a boundary condition of the first type. The second stage is supplemented by the balance equation, which takes into account not only the change of concentration in time, but also in the vertical coordinate and determines the time of movement of concentration front to breakthrough time. A mathematical model of the adsorption process in a fixed-bed column has been developed. Experimental data and theoretical calculations were compared. The results of statistical calculation of research results showed a satisfactory convergence of experimental and theoretical data.
The extraction of the solid component from the rectilinear capillary has been investigated. The presence of two extraction zones (convective and molecular diffusion) was confirmed. The effect of the system vacuumizing on the extraction rate has been studied. The convection zone during vacuumizing was found to be increased due to the appearance of the vapor phase bubbles. The mass transfer coefficients for the convective zone have been determined. A mathematical model of the molecular diffusion stage is given, taking into account the nonlinear change in the component concentration in the liquid due to the displacement of the extraction boundary. The molecular diffusion coefficients in the capillary have been determined.
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