The paper describes the mathematical formulation and numerical method of the TSUNM3 high-resolution mesoscale meteorological model being developed at Tomsk State University. The model is nonhydrostatic and includes three-dimensional nonstationary equations of hydrothermodynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer with parameterization of turbulence, moisture microphysics, long-wave and short-wave (solar) radiation, and advective and latent heat flows in the atmosphere and at the boundary of its interaction with the underlying surface. The numerical algorithm is constructed using structured grids with uniform spacing in horizontal directions and condensing to the Earth surface in the vertical direction. When approximating the differential formulation of the problem, the finite volume method with the second order approximation in the spatial variables is used. Explicit-implicit approximations in time (Adams–Bashforth and Crank–Nicolson) are used to achieve second-order accuracy in time. The paper presents results of numerical forecasting of the main meteorological parameters of the atmosphere (temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction) and precipitation in different seasons in the Siberian region. The models were tested with the help of observations obtained using the Volna-4M sodar, MTR-5 temperature profile meter, and Meteo-2 ultrasonic weather stations of the Atmosfera Collective Use Center. The improved TSUNM3 model is shown to adequately reflect the precipitation time and intensity. However, in some cases, the times of its beginning and end do not always coincide, the difference can reach several hours. The precipitation phase state is reflected reliably. Over 70% of precipitation cases are confirmed by numerical calculations. The model satisfactorily predicts temperature and humidity characteristics. The quality of the precipitation forecast model is comparable to the modern mesoscale models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.
This paper presents the simulation results of meteorological and air quality parameters for the Siberian city of Tomsk predicted by mesoscale meteorological and chemical transport models. Changes in the numerically predicted wind velocity fields, temperature, and concentration of major air pollutants were modelled in detail for the selected dates, when anticyclonic weather with cloud free and calm wind conditions was observed in Tomsk. The simulation results have shown that stable or neutral atmospheric stratification with light wind and low ambient air temperature (−30, −20 °C) are the most unfavorable meteorological conditions leading to the near surface pollutants accumulation. The numerical calculation results were compared with observation data from the Joint Use Center (JUC) “Atmosphere” of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO) and showed good agreement.
The results of calculations of meteorological parameters and atmospheric air quality during abnormally cold weather (T below -20 o C) in Tomsk are presented. These results were obtained using a complex of WRF/CAMx models. The calculation results are compared with observations of ultrasonic meteo stations and temperature profiler of the Joint Usage Centre (JUC) «Atmosphere» and observations of TOR-station of the IAO SB RAS. The adapted Common Air Quality Index (Citeair II project, supported by the EU) calculated by hourly predicted concentrations is used to evaluate the level of atmospheric pollution.
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