Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of liquidity risk, credit risk, funding risk and corruption on bank stability of the banking system in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is confined to 24 retail banks, which include 5 Islamic and 19 conventional banks during the period of 2007-2015. Findings The findings of this study suggest that bank size, liquidity risk, funding risk and corruption exert a positive impact on bank stability. Additionally, the authors find a negative relationship between credit risk and bank stability. Originality/value As per the knowledge of the authors, the present research is the first attempt that discusses the issues of bank stability related to risk and corruption faced by the banking system.

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The present study intended to examine the impact of trade on energy consumption using data of four oil importing, heavily populated, and developing economies of Asia namely Pakistan, India, China and Bangladesh. The study covers the period of 1972 to 2011. The data was checked for the Cross-sectional Dependency using CD-test, then CIPS panel unit root test, Panel cointegration, and Pooled Mean Group estimates approaches were used. Empirical results confirmed the Long-run relationship between energy consumption and trade openness. This study confirms the influence of trade on energy consumption and that they are positively related. International trade increases the energy demand and economic activities. However, high energy demand causes high energy price which negatively impacts on energy consumption and hence reduces the energy consumption. Therefore, there are many implications for the energy conservation and trade policy makers to consider in all four countries.

PurposeThis research intends to determine the role of terrorism in defying foreign direct investment (FDI) in top terror effected economies.Design/methodology/approachPanel data on FDI and terrorism from top terror effected economies spanning from 1987 to 2018 were used and the relationship for whole sample was investigated. Later the sample period was divided into pre (1987–2001) and post 9/11 (2002–2018) subsample and same relationship was tested to investigate the normalization of terror effect on FDI. The method of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) was used to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe results showed a negative but statistically insignificant impact of terrorism on the FDI inflows in the long run. Later the sample period was divided into pre (1987–2001) and post 9/11 (2002–2018) subsample. The empirical estimates for pre and post 9/11 periods indicated a negative and statistically significant relationship between terrorism and FDI for pre 9/11 period, and a negative but statistically insignificant relationship between the two variables for post 9/11 period.Originality/valueThe findings suggest several important policy implications for the terror affected countries and are further discussed in the study.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of foreign aid (FA) on corruption in selected Asian countries (Pakistan, India, Srilanka and Bangladesh) using the panel data from 2000 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach The author used Levin-Lin-Chu and Im-Pesaran-Shin panel unit root tests to check the stationary properties of the variables. The Pedroni’s and Kao panel cointegration approach was applied to analyze the variable’s long-run relationship. The author used panel dynamic ordinary least squares (PDOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) framework to estimate the coefficients of cointegrating vectors. Additionally, the panel granger causality test was performed to check the causal relationship between the variables. Findings The results from PDOLS and FMOLS indicate that FA has a significant negative impact on the level of corruption. This infers that the foreign assistance decrease the level of corruption perception index, hence, more corruption in the country. Originality/value Overall, the study fulfills the need to understand the aid-corruption nexus, particularly in the case of the Asian region.