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In this study miconazole nitrate was formulated as topically applied emulgel; different formulas were prepared using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and carboxypolymethylene (carbomer 941) as gelling agents. The influence of type of gelling agent and concentration of both oil phase and emulsifying agent on drug release was studied and compared with commercially available miconazole nitrate cream (Mecozalen®). The results of in vitro release showed that SCMC emulgel bases gave better release than carbomer 941 bases and the release of drug increase from both bases as a function of increasing the concentration of emulisifying agent. The oil phase had retardation effect when its concentration increased. The formula which showed the highest drug release was chosen to evaluate its rheology and its stability .The rheological behavior of selected formula showed share-thinning flow indicating structural break down of intermolecular interaction between polymeric chains. Moreover, the expiration date of the selected emulgel was found to be 1.7 year as well as their physical properties like, color, pH and consistency remains constant along storage time. Keywords: emulgel, carbomer, miconazole nitrate, carboxymethyl cellulose.

Tinidazole is an effective drug for the treatment of amoebiasis, giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infections, it has a long half-life and it is practically insoluble in water thus it is suitable for suspension dosage form.This study was carried out to prepare an acceptable suspension through studying the effect of different types and concentrations of suspending agent such as sodium carboxyethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, sodium alginate and avecil (RC 591).The effect of these suspending agents was studied in 0.1N HCL and at 37°C. The obtained results were utilized to formulate different suspensions. The release rate, sedmintation volume and resuspendability were evaluated for these formulas.The formula which gave best release and optimum sedimentation volume was chosen as the best formula.The result showed that the release rate of the drug was dependent on the type and concentration of suspending agent. The best one was that containing 0.5%, xanthan gum as a suspending agent.The rheology and expiration date were evaluated for this formula. The expiration date of the prepared suspension was about 2.2 years. The suspension of tinidazole was also extemporaneously prepared from Fasigyn® tablets. The prepared extemporaneous suspension should be used within 7 days after preparation.

Mucoadhesive tablets for buccal administration of diltiazem hydrochloride were prepared as an alternative to available diltiazem HCl dosage forms. Two types of tablets were developed each containing two mucoadhesive components (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose HPMC and sodium alginate) and (HPMC and carbopol) for each types, batches were produced by changing quantity of polymer. The formulations were tested for mucoadhesive performance and release pattern. In vitro bioadhesive strength studies showed that the HPMC/carbopol formulations were more bioadhesive and less drug release rate compared with HPMC/alginate formulations. Increasing the content of HPMC in HPMC/alginate tablets resulted in increase in detachment forces and swelling index but lower release rates were observed. The release behavior of all formulations was non-Fickian mechanism controlled by a combination of diffusion and chain relaxation mechanisms and best fitted zero-order kinetics.The buccoadhesive diltiazem HCl tablets containing 18.75% sodium alginate and 37.5% HPMC showed suitable release kinetics (n = 0.86, K0 zero order release = 10.29 mg/h, MDT = 4.8 h) , good adhesive properties and did not show any interaction between polymers and drug based on FT-IR study.

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