The erratic nature of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) forced the Bangladeshi government to shut down all the educational institutions since March 18, 2020. This prolonged closure not only detached the students from their study but also increased anxiety among them regarding their future academic as well as professional careers. The present study aimed to explore the perception and understanding of the students and teachers regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the academic life and career pursuit of university students in Bangladesh. With a semistructured interview schedule, data for this qualitative study were collected from 8 purposively selected participants, using telephone interviews, affiliated with a public university in Bangladesh. Students argued that the extended closure is responsible for the delayed graduation of the senior students, thereby, mounting mental stress and frustration among them. The informants unequivocally opposed the online education platform, as a solution for the ongoing gap, due to scarcity of the resources, and unequal accesses and opportunities for all. It has been suggested that the education gap can be reduced by shortening the term, curtailing the preparatory leave, and taking extra classes over the weekends when the universities reopen together with enforced collective health hygiene.

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The various definitions of aquifer yield are reconsidered and criticized because the risk of shortages is not quantified. The concept of reliable yield is introduced and a model is proposed that can be used to estimate the yield of an unconfined aquifer to a specified annual reliability. The model is a lumped model which is suitable for the preliminary estimates of aquifer yield required at the early planning stage of water resource development. The model requires as input the recharge for various durations which will be exceeded a specified percentage of the time. Standard statistical analysis of the extreme low flow events of various durations is used to obtain these values. Using recharge data from several unconfined aquifers in the UK, the lognormal distribution was found to be the most suitable distribution to describe the recharge. The lumped yield model requires several assumptions. These are discussed and the sensitivity of the yield to them was investigated using data from a Chalk catchment in the UK. The yield was found to be sensitive to several of the assumptions. Rendement fiable des aquifères libresRésumé Les différentes définitions du rendement d'une nappe sont reconsidérées et critiquées car le risque de pénurie n'est pas quantifié. Le concept du rendement fiable est introduite et un modèle propose capable d'estimer le rendement d'une nappe libre avec une fiablilité spécifique annuelle. Le modèle, non précis, peut être utilisé pour les estimations préliminaires du rendement d'une nappe, nécessaires au début de la phase de planification du développement d'un programme de ressource en eau. Le modèle nécessite comme données la recharge en eau pour des durées variées qui excéderont un pourcentage de temps spécifique. Une analyse statistique des événements de très petits débits aux durées variables est utilisée pour obtenir ces valeurs. Utilisant les données sur la recharge à partir de plusieurs nappes libre en Grande Bretagne, la distribution log-normal s'est révéléeOpen for discussion until I October 1988.

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