Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) was isolated from the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancies at last week of gestation. One proteinous band had been isolated by gel filtration sephadex)G-50) from the protein precipitate produced by ammonium sulfate saturation (67%) after dialysis. The product from (G-50) gave two bands by sephadex (G-100). It was found that the first peak (Peak A) had higher activity for (PON1). The apparent molecular weights of the isolated PON1 using gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE was (43873 + 350) and (43682 + 278) Dalton respectively. The results also showed that the optimum conditions of PON1 was obtained at (80 µg/ml) of protein as a source of the enzyme using (10 mmol/l) of paraoxon as a substrate, Tris-HCl buffer (0.14 mol/l) as a buffer at pH (8.0) and incubation for (7) minutes at (45C). Using lineweaver-Burk plot, the values of maximum velocity (V max) and Michaelis constant (K m) were (80.0 µmol/ min) and (3.79 mmol/l) respectively. The protective effect of PON1 against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity by intraperitoneal injection of (10mg/kg) cisplatin were evaluated in 35 male albino white rats classified into 5 groups. The rats were treated with 0.5mg/kg/day or 1mg/kg/day of isolated PON1 injected intraperitonealy for 5 successive days before and 5 successive days after induction of toxicity. The results showed a significant reduction in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), total bilirubin(TB) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in comparison with the cisplatin treated animals. It was concluded that (PON1) protects the liver and heart against the toxicity induced by this cytotoxic drug.
This work involves separating and studying the aminoacylase-1 (ACY1) of amniotic fluid from healthy pregnant, mainly one peak with higher activity has been isolated by DEAE-Cellulose ion exchange from the proteinous supernatant produced by deposition of proteins using ammonium sulfate (65%) after dialysis. The purification folds reaching to 19 folds also gave one protein peak when injected into the gel filtration column, a high ACY1 purity was obtained, with 38 folds of purification. It was found that the molecular weight of the isolated ACY1 was up to 46698 Dalton when using gel chromatography technique. The effect of ACY1 isolate was studied on rats with oxidative stress caused by lead acetate(LA) at 40 mg / kg body weight and compared with normal rats by measuring the selected biochemical parameters which included: Glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) through liver and kidney tissue examination. The results showed a significant increase in the levels of (MDA, AST, ALT) and a decrease in the level of GSH compared with the control group, Also it has been observed there that was a significant decrease in the levels of (MDA, AST, ALT) and high level of GSH when injecting the ACY1 isolate in a dose of 4 mg / kg of rat weight with LA at 40 mg/kg. The results of the tissue examination demonstrated high pathological changes in the liver tissue of rats treated with LA at 40 mg/kg of rat weight when compared with normal rats. The liver and kidney tissue improved when treated with isolate at 4 mg / kg rat weight and LA. These results demonstrate the role of ACY1 in protecting from oxidative stress then can reduce the severity of various diseases.
This research include studying the oxidative stress state and the activity of some enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with hydrocephalus by the determination of (15) Biochemical parameters which include: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Pseudocholinesterase (PChE), Monoamin oxidase A (MAOA), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Creatinine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Uric acid (UA), Vitamin D, Total protein (Tp), Albumin (Alb), Ceruloplasmin (Cp), Malonadialdehyde (MDA), The study was done on (176) child with hydrocephalus (110) were male , (66) female and (67) healthy child as control group (39) were male and (28) female ,the age of children with hydrocephalus and control group ranged from 1-14 month for both sexes. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the activity of AChE, PChE, MAOA, AST, ALT, ALP, CK and LDH in CSF for children with hydrocephalus compared with healthy group for both sexes, these result were indicated that these parameters may be good biochemical markers for this disease. Beside of that, the results showed there was a highly oxidative stress in the patients for both sexes, so there was a significant increase in the activity of SOD, Tp, Alb and oxidant indicator of MDA, with a
The research included studying the levels of some of the toxic and essential metals in the serum of patients with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Epilepsy and Migraine, as levels of toxic metals including lead, nickel and chromium and the levels of essential metals that included copper, iron and calcium were measured in the male patient group who suffered from neurological diseases in Mosul city, Samples reached (144), which included group of male patients (97) and a group of normal persons who were in numbers (47). The results indicated that there was a significant increase in patients with Alzheimer's, epilepsy and migraine in levels of: lead, nickel and chromium compared with the control group, as well as a significant increase in the level of copper for Alzheimer's and epilepsy patients when compared with the control group and no significant difference for migraine patients. In addition, the results indicated that there was a significant decrease in the level of iron for all groups of patients, and was non-significantly there decrease in the level of calcium for Alzheimer's and epilepsy patients and non-significant difference in calcium was observed in migraine patients when compared with the control group. The study showed that there was an increase in the levels of toxic metals especially in lead and nickel and a decrease in the levels of essential metals especially in iron and calcium in patients with neurological diseases, Which may constitute one of the causes of the occurrence of neurological diseases, especially among patients with Alzheimer's and epilepsy in the Mosul city.
The study was conducted in Mosul city to show the effect of pollutants on some antioxidant enzymes which included: catlase (CAT.), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The study included (153) persons represented in four groups, three of which were subjected directly to different pollutants (petroleum station workers (n= 37), workers in x-ray diagnosis (n=39) and cement production workers (n=33)). The fourth group as a control included outside city center living (n=44). The results showed a significant decrease for CAT and GPx enzymes in all groups incomparison with control group. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in GST with petroleum station and cement workers. For SOD, the results revealed a significant increase in workers of x-ray diagnosis , but a decrease non significantly in other groups. In addition, the increase of period of pollution, produced a decrease in CAT for all groups except in petroleum station workers and workers in x-ray diagnosis. Moreover a decrease in GST, SOD and GPx for all different pollutant groups were observed. In conclusion, an increase exposure of different pollutants led to an increase in the oxidative stress in workers which decreased the antioxidant enzymes levels. This behaviors might give an indication for the oxidation that take place in exposed persons.
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